Lecture 11- Ocean Circulation 3

Question 1

northeast trade winds drive Ekman transport to

Answer 1

the north

Question 2

southeast trade winds drive Ekman transport to

Answer 2

the south

Question 3

parting of the surface water to the north and south

Answer 3

• requires that deep water rises upward to the surface along the equator
• surface water piles up on western side and forces downward tilt to the thermocline

Question 4

if thermocline is close to the Ekman depth

Answer 4

cold water is drawn to the surface

Question 5

if thermocline is deep

Answer 5

more warm water is drawn to the surface

Question 6

Eastern Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue

Answer 6

due to the equatorial upwelling and the close proximity of the thermocline to the surface of the Ekman depth

Question 7

Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool

Answer 7

• upwelling still occurs but the thermocline is deep

- upwelling draws more warm water to the surface with no effective cooling

Question 8

offshore transport

Answer 8

• wind blowing out of the north drives the Ekman layer to the right, which is offshore
• replaced by upwelling of deeper cold water along the coast

Question 9

onshore transport

Answer 9

wind blowing out of the south drives the layer to the right

Question 10

downwelling

Answer 10

process in which onshore transport is driven downward

Question 11

NADW

Answer 11

• North Atlantic Deep Water

- highest percent of salinity

Question 12

AABW

Answer 12

• Antarctic Bottom Water
• most dense
• coldest

Question 13

AAIW

Answer 13

• Antarctic Intermediate Water
• least dense
• lowest percent of salintiy