Lecture 11- Neuropathology 2

Question 1

… is inflammation of leptomeninges that spreads through subarachnoid space (identify in CSF) and is caused by pyogenic bacteria

Answer 1

acute bacterial meningitis

Question 2

acute bacterial meningitis is caused by these pyogenic bacteria

Answer 2

e.coli
streptococci
H. influenzae
N. meningitidis

Question 3

risk factors for acute bacterial meningitis

Answer 3

extremes of age
debilitated state
poor hygiene
crowded liv. cond.

Question 4

symptoms of ABM

Answer 4

fever headache stiff neck

Question 5

… involves spherical budding yeast that is found in soil and bird excrement. leads to slimy exudate and capsular material

Answer 5

cryptococcal meningitis

Question 6

symptoms of cryptococcal meningitis

Answer 6

low grade fever
debility
headache

Question 7

T/F usually only immunocompromised patients are affected by cryptococcal meningitis

Answer 7

false. healthy hosts can be affected as well

Question 8

… is diffuse inflammation of brain parenchyma and the origin is usually viral (herpes, arboviruses, HIV)

Answer 8

encephalitis

Question 9

T/F encephalitis is usually fatal w/o treatment

Answer 9

true

Question 10

most common cause of encephalitis

Answer 10

herpesvirus

Question 11

what do you see microscopically with encephalitis

Answer 11

perivascular lymphocytosis

microglial nodules

neuronophagia

viral inclusions (cowdry A and Negri bodies)

Question 12

most common primary demyelinating disorder?

Answer 12

multiple sclerosis

Question 13

MS is probably … in origin

Answer 13

autoimmune (T cell mediated)

Question 14

… is the most common cause of dementia and has increasing incidence with increasing age

Answer 14

alzheimers

Question 15

alzheimers is mostly…, has a …% familial origin and etiology is …

Answer 15

sporadic
10%
unknown

Question 16

grossly, alzheimers shows an … brain and ventricular …

Answer 16

atrophic

dilitation

Question 17

microscopically in alzheimers you see…

Answer 17

senile plaques

neurofibrillatory tangles

Question 18

… is a degeneration of dopamine-secreting pigmented neurons of substantia nigra in the midbrain. mostly sporadic, happens usually by 6th decade

Answer 18

parkinson disease

Question 19

clinical features of parkinsons

Answer 19

expressionless face
rigidity
stooped posture
fine tremor 
slow gait

Question 20

grossly, in parkinsons you see a

Answer 20

mildly atrophic brain

Question 21

microscopically in parkinsons you see

Answer 21

intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic inclusions known as Lewy bodies within pigmented neurons

Question 22

…. is hereditary and a progressively fatal disorder. it involves involuntary and spontaneous movements and dementia

Answer 22

huntingtons disease

Question 23

huntingtons disease is autosomally… and involves the gene …. located in chromosome…

Answer 23

dominant

huntingtin

4

Question 24

grossly in huntingtons you will see..

Answer 24

atrophy of basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen and in advanced cases the globus pallidus)