Lecture 11 - Animal Diversity and Functions 3

Question 1

4 Steps of Food Processing

Answer 1

• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Elimination

Question 2

Alimentary Canal

Answer 2

Digestive tub with two openings

Question 3

Crop

Answer 3

food is softened and stored

animals without teeth

Question 4

Gizzard

Answer 4

breakdown and store food

breakdown with rocks and sand

Question 5

Stomach

Answer 5

breakdown and store food

breakdown with chemicals

Question 6

Intestines

Answer 6

absorb nutrients

Question 7

Carnivores

Answer 7

• Short digestive tract
• Expandable stomach

Question 8

Herbivores

Answer 8

• Long digestive tract
• Cecum

(home to microbes that break down plants)

Question 9

Omnivores

Answer 9

• Intermediate length
• No cecum

Question 10

Ruminants

Answer 10

• Mammals
• 4 chambered stomachs

Question 11

Single Circulation

2 chambered hearts

Answer 11

• Blood pumped once
• Swimming movement helps move blood

Fish, Sharks

Question 12

Double Circulation

3 and 4 chambered hearts

Answer 12

• Blood pumped twice
• Maintains a higher blood pressure
• Has a left and right circuits

Mammals

Question 13

Thermoregulation

Answer 13

How animals maintain an internal temperature despite variations in external temperatures

Endothermic and Ectothermic

Question 14

Endothermic

Answer 14

Using heat generated by metabolism to maintain a warm, steady body temperature

Question 15

Ectothermic

Answer 15

Absorbing external heat rather than generating much of their own

Question 16

Conduction

Answer 16

transfer of heat between objects in direct contact

Question 17

Radiation

Answer 17

emission of electromagnetic waves

Question 18

Convection

Answer 18

transfer of heat through the movement of air or liquid

Question 19

Evaporation

Answer 19

vaporization of molecules from a surface

Question 20

Metabolic heat production

Answer 20

more work cells do the warmer you get

Question 21

Circulatory adaptation

Answer 21

heat loss can be changed by changing the amount of blood flowing to the skin

Cold hands, Big ears in some mammals in cold climates

Question 22

Evaporative cooling

Answer 22

water absorbs heat from the body as the water evaporates

sweating, panting, wallowing

Question 23

Behavioral responses

Answer 23

adjusting behavior to avoid hot or cold times

Nocturnal, Migration, Diurnal

Question 24

Sensory receptors

Answer 24

special nerve cells that are tuned to the conditions of the enviornment

Question 25

Thermoreceptors

Answer 25

Detect heat or cold, sometimes from the skin

Snakes

Question 26

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 26

Respond to mechanical energy

touch, pressure, stretching, motion

Question 27

Pain receptors

Answer 27

identify harmful pressure, temperatures, or chemicals

Question 28

Chemoreceptors

Answer 28

Are attuned to chemicals in the external enviornment

taste and smell

Question 29

Electromagnetic

Answer 29

Detect energy in forms of electricity, magnetism, or various wavelengths of light

Photoreceptors