Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

RFLPs (Restriction length polymorphisms) can be used to calculate genetic distance between two alleles. They are good because they are.
(6)

A
  • co-dominant
  • the genetic map can be directly related to DNA-sequence
  • Can be found new ANY gene
  • Many markers per cross (they can even be anonymous)
  • Can crease a genetic map with high marker density spanning the two genome
  • Useful for many species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Menedelizing Quantitative Traits

A
  • Different segments of the genome can be marked with molecular variants that can be analysed individually with respect to the phenotype of interest.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Monkey Flowers:

A
  • A type of flower with two species (of interest), with a region of sympatry, but no hybrids. One (lewisii) is designed for bees, the other (cardinalis) for hummingbirds.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mimulus lewisii

A
  • Designed for bees
  • Pink
  • Yellow nectar guides
  • Vide corolla
  • Small volume of concentrated nectar
  • Short anther and stigmas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mimulus cardinalis:

A
  • Designed for humming birds
  • Red
  • No nectar guides
  • Tubular corolla
  • High volume of nectar
  • Long anther and stigmas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are the hybrids viable and fertile when artificially bred?!

A

Yes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Step 1 in QTL mapping

A
  • Start with two lines that differ for the trait of interest
  • Best if the genetic variation between the lines is maximised
  • Best if the genegtic variation within lines is minimized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Step 2 in QTL mapping

A
  • Cross the two lines
  • Allow recombination
  • The more progeny, the more recombination, the greater the mapping resolution, can use F2 (3 progeny types, 2 homozygotes and 1 heterozygotes) or backcross (2 progeny types, 2 homozygotes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Step 3 in QTL mapping:

A
  • Choose molecular markers (RFLPs, AFLPs, SNPs)
  • Marker density must e informative to the cross
  • Consider cost, labour, marker density and co-dominance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Step 4 in QTL mapping:

A
  • Score the F2 or backcross progeny and parents for molecular markers and create a linkage map
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Step 5 in QTL mapping:

A
  • Score the F2 or backcross progeny and parents for trait of interest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Step 6 in QTL mapping:

A
  • For each marker (or interval) perform a statistical test for association with phenotype
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Input (dataset) for a QTL experiment:

3

A
  • Trait values of individuals related by a known cross (eg. backcross of F2)
  • Marker states for each individual
  • Markers arranged in a map
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T-tests:

A
  • Compares the mean between two populations, high and low, given their variance
  • Generally the L marker will have a lower trait value than the H marker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When the P value approaches 1:

A
  • The means are about the same
  • There is no significant difference
  • There is no gene of interest there contributing to the effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

P < 0.05:

A

There is a significant difference

17
Q

When there is a QTL above the threshold line:

A
  • There is a significant association between the marker and the trait of interest, and they are correlated with our trait of interest
  • They are our QTLs
18
Q

Flaws with QTL mapping:

A
  • The markers are unlikely to be the causal variants, but they will be linked to the causal variants
19
Q

Thoday’s method for mapping QTLs within a chromosome:

4

A
  • Use mapping stock with two closely linked phenotypic markers (a and b) on a chromosome containing the QTLs.
  • Cross this to a stock that is WT at the two phenotypic markers (A and B) and differs from marker stock in the trait of interest (eg. has a higher number of bristles).
  • The QTLS can be outside the phenotypic markers to between them
  • We want to know which it is
20
Q

If the QTL is outside the markers:

2

A
  • Progeny with the parental marker types will exhibit intermediate trait means with high variance (ignoring double cross overs)
  • Recombinant type will be either high or low with little variance
21
Q

We can quantify where the QTL is in the interval:

A
  • How many individuals are in the Ab low class? (5)
  • How many individuals are in the aB high class? (3)
  • There are 8 individuals that result from a recombination in region 1.
  • Do the same for region two.. 12 from recombination in region two.
  • The distance between our gene of interest and marker A is closer than that of our gene and marker B.
22
Q

We can quantify the effect size is as well..

A
  • From a graph comparing trait score and marker class calculate the mean of each class and average it.

Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions