Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Reproductive System > Lecture 10.2: Infections of the Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 10.2: Infections of the Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Common Endogenous Infections (2)

A
  • Bacterial Vaginosis
  • Candidiasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common STIs (7)

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea
  • Genital warts (HPV)
  • Genital herpes
  • Syphilis
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Mycoplasma genitalium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sexual History (13)

A
  • Pain: SOCRATES, dyspareunia, dysuria
  • Discharge: colour, consistency, smell
  • Bleeding: change, timing
  • Skin: lumps, itchiness, irritation, lesions
  • Systems Review
  • Last menstrual period
  • Last sexual intercourse
  • Type of sexual intercourse
  • Contraception / condom use
  • Partners in the last 3mths
  • STI history
  • Travel history
  • Smear history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

A
  • Imbalance of vaginal bacteria
  • Most common cause of abnormal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amsel’s Criteria

A
  • Characteristic thin/watery, white/grey discharge
  • Vaginal pH >4.5
  • Clue cells
  • Fishy odour on ‘whiff test’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis (2)

A
  • Lifestyle advice
  • Antibiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Candidiasis/Thrush?

A
  • Candida albicans
  • Second most common cause of abnormal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of Candidiasis/Thrush (6)

A
  • Cottage cheese-like / clumpy discharge
  • Vulval itching
  • Irritation
  • Soreness
  • Swelling
  • Dysuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of Candidiasis/Thrush (2)

A
  • Clotrimazole fluconazole
  • Emollients/aqueous cream
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Laboratory Tests for Infections of the Reproductive Tract (4)

A
  • NAAT: detect and amplify either RNA or DNA
  • Microscopy, culture and sensitivity
  • PCR
  • Serological Testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Chlamydia caused by?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Triad of …… can be triggered by chlamydial
infection

A
  • Urethritis
  • Arthritis
  • Conjunctivitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can untreated Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea lead to?

A
  • Epididymo-orchitis
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (~16% if untreated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Epididymo-orchitis?

A

Pain and swelling in 1 or both testicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Gonorrhoea caused by?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of men and women have asymptomatic Gonorrhoea?

A
  • > 90% of men are symptomatic
  • > 50% of women are symptomatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper genital tract, including the womb, ovaries and connecting tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Signs and Symptoms of PID (9)

A
  • Pelvic pain (usually bilateral)
  • Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
  • New onset painful periods (secondary
    dysmenorrhoea)
  • Fever
  • Abnormal discharge
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding (PCB/IMB)
  • Endometritis
  • Oophoritis
  • Salpingitis (inflamed fallopian tubes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Complications of Epididymo-orchitis? (3)

A
  • Reactive hydrocoele
  • Abscess formation
  • Infertility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complications of PID? (7)

A
  • Peritonitis
  • Tubo-ovarian abscess
  • Infertility: 1 in 10 with PID
  • Increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
  • Chronic pelvic pain
  • Adhesions
  • Perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome)
21
Q

What is Trichomoniasis?

A

Infection caused by a one-celled protozoan, a type of tiny parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis

22
Q

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis (in Men & Women)

A
  • Males: Dysuria
  • Females: Abnormal Discharge (70%), Vulval Itching/
    Pain, Dyspareunia
23
Q

What is Syphilis cause by?

A

Caused by Treponema pallidum​ bacterium

24
Q

Stages of Syphilis: First Few Years

A

No signs and symptoms

25
Q

Stages of Syphilis: Primary Stage

A

Sore/chancre found in genital area
Chancres do not result in pain and disappear without treatment

26
Q

Stages of Syphilis: Secondary Stage

A
  • Skin Rash (reddish brown spots on back, palms and
    soles of feet)
  • Mucous membrane lesions throughout body but no
    itchiness
  • Fever
  • Sore Throat
  • Headache
  • Swollen Glands
  • Weight Loss
  • Myalgia
  • Fatigue
27
Q

Stages of Syphilis: Tertiary Stage

A
  • Blood Vessel Problems
  • Cardiac Problems
  • Nervous System Problems
  • Damaged Organs
  • Gummatous syphilis
  • Death
28
Q

Stages of Syphilis: Latent Stage

A
  • Symptoms disappear for 1-20 years
  • Relapse Symptoms
29
Q

Management of all patients with an STI should include…? (5)

A
  • Referral to a GUM clinic
  • Partner notification
  • Testing for other STIs
  • Advice re safe sex practices
  • Support, counselling and education as required
30
Q

How to Treat Chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 7 days

31
Q

How to Treat Gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone 1g IM

32
Q

How to Treat PID?

A

Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 14 days AND
metronidazole 400mg twice a day for 14 days AND
ceftriaxone 1g IM

33
Q

How to Treat Epididymo-orchitis?

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg IM AND Doxycycline 100mg twice a day for 10-14 days

34
Q

How to Treat Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole 400mg twice a day for 5-7 days

35
Q

How to Treat Syphilis?

A

Benzylpenicillin G 2.4 MU IM

36
Q

What are Genital Warts?

A

Benign, fleshy, irregular growths

37
Q

What is Genital Herpes caused by?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

38
Q

What does the average Herpes infection cycle look like?

A
  • Small painful vesicles surrounded by a zone of
    erythema (3-5 days after infection)
  • Vesicles become pustular and break down to form
    superficial erosions that coalesce to form ulcers (24-
    48hrs after initial vesicles)
  • Lesions heal, virus becomes latent (10-14 days after
    pustular vesicles)
  • Lesions and/or abnormal sensation returns
    (Reactivation)
39
Q

Symptoms of Genital Herpes (7)

A
  • Flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle aches)
  • Tingling/itching sensation prior to outbreak
  • Bilateral tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
  • Painful lesions usually bilaterally
  • Dysuria
  • Discharge from the lesions
  • Neuropathic symptoms due to inflammation of ganglia
40
Q

Complications of Genital Herpes (3)

A
  • Autonomic neuropathy – urinary retention
  • Disseminated infection
  • Psychological and psychosexual problems
41
Q

What is HSV-1?

A

Average 1 recurrence in first 12 months

42
Q

What is HSV-2?

A

Average 4-5 recurrences in first 12 months

43
Q

Treatment of Genital Warts (6)

A
  • Stopping smoking
  • Cream
  • Cryotherapy
  • Electrocautery
  • Laser
  • Surgical excision
44
Q

Treatment of Genital Herpes (5)

A
  • 1st episode: aciclovir 400mg three times a day for 5
    days if within 5 days of Sx, while new lesions are still
    forming or if systemic Sx are persistent
  • Recurrence: episodic / suppressive treatment
  • Saline bathing
  • Oral analgesia
  • Lidocaine gel
45
Q

What is Mycoplasma genitalium? How can you diagnose & treat it?

A
  • Often asymptomatic
  • Common cause of nongonococcal urethritis in males
    and PID in females
  • NAAT diagnosis
  • Azithromycin treatment
46
Q

What is Monkeypox?

A

A species of double-stranded DNA virus that causes mpox in humans and other mammals

47
Q

Symptoms of Monkeypox (5)

A
  • Blistering rash- the rash may start on the face or in the
    genital area and may spread to other parts of the body
  • Inflammation of the rectum (proctitis)
  • Pain or bleeding from anus
  • Fever
  • Headache
48
Q

Death Rate of Monkeypox?

A

1-10% fatal

The Reproductive System (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions