Lecture 10: Support & Movement

Question 1

What is the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

It is a combination of the skeletal system and the muscular system.

Question 2

What is the skeletal system and muscular systems main function?

Answer 2

skeletal system: structural support for the body
muscular system: muscle contractions that control skeletal movement

Question 3

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 3

1) provide support to the body
2) stores minerals
3) produces blood cells
4) protects internal organs
5) allows for movement

Question 4

What are the 3 types of skeletons?

Answer 4

endoskeleton, exoskeleton, and hydrostatic skeleton

Question 5

What is an exoskeleton? and A&D?

Answer 5

rigid support structure covering outside of the animal
advantage: protects internal structure and disadvantage is that it limits growth and can be heavy

Question 6

What is an endoskeleton? and A&D?

Answer 6

rigid support structure in the inside of the animal
advantage: allows for growth and disadvantage is less protection of the internal organs

Question 7

What is a hydrostatic skeleton? and A&D?

Answer 7

fluid under pressure in closed compartment
advantage: flexible and disadvantage is very little protection

Question 8

Human skeleton has how many bones? and what are the 2 parts of the human skeleton?

Answer 8

206 bones and axial and appendicular skeleton
axial includes skull vertebral column and ribcage and appendicular includes the appendages, pelvic and pectoral girdle

Question 9

Muscle tissue contains what?

Answer 9

actin and myosin that allows muscles to contract

Question 10

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

Answer 10

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 11

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 11

• striated
• attached to bones
• functions in voluntary/reflex movements
• multinucleated

Question 12

What is smooth muscle?

Answer 12

• not striated, its smooth
• functions in involuntary movements
• located in digestive tract, arteries, bladder, interal organs

Question 13

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 13

• striated
• mononucleated
• functions in contracting the heart to circulate blood to the body
• located in walls of the heart

Question 14

Movement of hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 14

animals with this kind of skeleton facilitate movement by using muscles to force fluid into different areas of the compartment

Question 15

Movement of articulated skeleton?

Answer 15

animals with articulated skeletons facilitate movement by using muscles to bend limbs around joints

Question 16

What is a joint and what are the different kinds?

Answer 16

a joint is a connection point between bones
ball and socket: shoulder and hip
hinge: elbow and knee
pivot: neck and wrist

Question 17

What is a tendon?

Answer 17

strands of collagen fibres that attach the skeleton to muscle

Question 18

Flexion and extension?

Answer 18

limb bent around joint decreasing angle is flexion and extension is straightening the limb and increasing angle

Question 19

Muscular antagonism?

Answer 19

activity of 2 paired muscles required to facilitate movement: when one contracts the other relaxes

Question 20

What is earthworm movement called?

Answer 20

peristalsis: longitudinal and circular muscles