lecture 10 Flashcards
issue with defining protected areas
- If we define protect areas, there is an implication that other areas shouldn’t be protected
- Many species reside in areas that are NOT protected
- 10% of the area in canada is heavily protected - vast majority is not protected at all
• Biological reasons for broadening PA boarders:
○ Even for large parks, the area is not significant enough for protection
○ Limiting our scope to protected areas does not cover most of the movement of organisms in their lifetime
○ Migratory patterns can be far beyond the possible scope of protection
• Why care about conservation outside of protected areas?
Many species need more area than is preserved within protected areas, e.g., large or migratory species • Resources outside protected areas tend to attract species, e.g., some wildlife species are attracted to crops • Some species migrate between protected areas, e.g., because of seasonal changes or for access to mates
• Reconciliation ecology
?
• Promoting biodiversity in human-dom. Landscapes (e.g. green roofs, land sharing)
• Range of human footprint of unprotected habitat? from industrial to wild
• Not a single type of land being protected- brings challenges related to human use of the land
○ How you think about conservation has to consider this
• Industrial area - very little biodiversity can be maintained in these highly developed areas
○ Between the two extremes: compromise, have the ability to maintain biodiversity
how can
Unprotected habitat can be valuable ? ex?
• Even though legislation may protect a species, the habitat they live in may be private
○ Have to balance conservation in private and public areas
• Ex. Panthers
○ Range overlaps with private areas
§ By chance
§ Areas selected for private use tend to be better land for things like agriculture - need for cooperation
use of military land
erve as refuges and undisturbed areas for human use
• Well protected area with the exception that this land may be used for training, etc
use of private land
• Some land is merely owned as an investment - conservation groups would like to collaborate to maintain that land
other unprotected lands?
• Areas used for forestry or exploited otherwise (e.g. mining)
• Better practices can be encouraged
○ Ex. Selective cutting rather than clear cutting - data shows that biodiversity can be maintained when done correctly
• Conservation in human dominated areas - balance btwn humans and nature?
• Ex. Hawk nesting in various human made structures
• Organisms that are successful at coexisting with humans can utilize resources that we generate
○ Ex. Magpies using bird feeders, garbage, insects on lawns, etc
○ Bias towards certain species
• Other species cannot
○ Ex. Elk require undisturbed stretches of land
why is conservation in human dom areas problematic
- Increase chance of wildlife-human conflict
- Pathogen spread
- Pests brought into human zone
- Invite in species such as coyotes, increasing conflict
edmonton’s urban ecology?
○ Has greenery with lots of vegetation in residential areas/properties
§ These areas that are discounted may actually be viable for some biodiversity maintainence
□ Requires planning
what are UMTs? how is urban ecology managed
- Urban morphology units and types (UMTs): the product of past and present land-use activities; can be distinguished by their pattern of built and open spaces
- Patchwork of different land and uses - urban mosaic of small and diverse UMTs
- Makes management difficult - need different approaches for different land types
describe paved land
Paved
Sealed surfaces
Water run off instead of infiltration (urban flooding may happen)
Anaerobic soil environment
Typically higher conversion of light energy to IR radiation
Inhospitable to most life forms
describe vegetated land
Allows evaporation
Promotes infiltration of water into the soil
Soil-air interphase
Less IR radiation (less heat)
Determines characteristics and abundance of other organisms
ex of general public helping with conservation
• Ex. Great backyard bird count
○ Reality of humans moving into urban areas
○ Studies of animals that exist in urban environments increasing - understand the ecology
○ Involved public in study effort
§ Disadvantage: might be noise bc people are not experts
Benefit: lots of participation, increasing awareness and contributions of general public
conservation strategies for human dom areas
- In situ agriculture conservation
- Extractive reserves
- Payments for ecosystem services
describe in situ agri- land sparing vs sharing ex
§ Shade grown coffee vs sun grown
□ Shade grown - coffee plants grown with natural vegetation surrounding them- sharing the land
® More effective bc encompasses larger area
® More sustainable
□ Sun - clear cut, only coffee plants grown - monoculture
® Advantage: cost effective
□ Can combine both of these - allocation of land
why is working w local people important
• Collaborative efforts rather than colonization
