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BIOL 1334 > Lecture 1 : Slides > Flashcards

Lecture 1 : Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Level

A

the atoms and molecules that make up

the basic components of the cell.

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2
Q

Cellular Level

A

the basic building blocks of tissues.

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3
Q

Tissue Level

A

made up of similar cells with a common

funcion.

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4
Q

Four basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Connecive
Nervous

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5
Q

Organ Level

A

two or more tissue types that perform a

specific function for the body

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6
Q

System Level

A

muliple organs that work together to

accomplish a common purpose

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7
Q

Organismal level

A

the sum total of the

structural levels working together.

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8
Q

4 Characteristics that describe living things

A
  • Energy production and Consumption
  • Growth and repair
  • Adaptation
  • Reproduction
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9
Q

Cells -

A

Building blocks of tissue

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10
Q

basic shared components of all cells

A
  • Membrane
  • Geneic material
  • Cytosolic fluid
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11
Q

Human cells contain

A

• Membrane-bound organelles leading to
compartmentalizaion and complexity
• Gene expression leading to specialization

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12
Q

Cell differentiation-

A

The distinct specialization in the function of cells

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13
Q

All cells during early development

start of as

A

toipotent (stem cells)

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

the whole sum of reactions throughout the body that provide the body with energy.

This energy gets used for vital processes and the synthesis of new organic material

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15
Q

Anabolism

A

building large molecules from small molecules

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16
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking large molecules into small molecules

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17
Q

Growth and Repair

A
  • Increasing size and specialization depending on form and function
  • Mechanisms to fix malfunctioning cells
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18
Q

Energy Producion and consumption

A

Producing energy & using it to do things

E.g - Metabolism

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19
Q

Adaptaion

A

Responsiveness and Homeostasis

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20
Q

Responsiveness

A

ability to sense and react to simuli (change) in the environment

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21
Q

Homeostasis

A

ability to maintain a constant internal environment

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22
Q

Reproducion

A
  • Replicaion of cells for growth and repair (cellular level)

* Create new organisms (organismal level)

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23
Q

Tissues

A

Cells related in structure to perform a related function

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24
Q

Epithelium tissue is used for

A

Covering

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25
Q

Connective tissue is used for

A

Support

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26
Q

Muscle tissue is used for

A

Movement

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27
Q

Nervous tissue is used for

A

Control

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28
Q

Arrangement of the tissues determines

A

The organs structures and capabilities

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29
Q

Epithelial tissues (Epithelium)

A

Sheet of cells that covers the body

surface and lines the body cavities

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30
Q

The function of the Epithelium

A

secretion and absorption

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31
Q

Characteristics of the Epithelium

A

Exhibits polarity

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32
Q

Basolateral surfaces

A

The surface of an epithelial cell that adjoins underlying tissue

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33
Q

Cell Polarity-

A

cell polarity refers to differences in the shape, structure, and function of cells surface modifications

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34
Q

Cell Polarity-

A

cell polarity refers to related differences in the shape, structure, and function of a cells surface modifications

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35
Q

Apical surface

A

facing the lumen or external environment

36
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Specialized contractile cells

• Result of interaction between cytoskeletal elements

37
Q

Characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Highly vascularized

38
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

Produce movement

39
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

40
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A

voluntary; locomoion

41
Q

Cardiac muscle function

A

involuntary; muscle of the

heart

42
Q

Smooth muscle function

A

involuntary; muscle of hollow

organs

43
Q

Two major cell types in the nervous tissue

A

Neurons

Glial cells

44
Q

Neurons function

A

communication through chemical and electrical signals

45
Q

Two major cell types in the nervous tissue

A

Neurons

Glial cells

46
Q

membrane bound organelles leads to

A

compartmentalization and complexity

47
Q

Gene expression leads to

A

specialization

48
Q

Glial cells

A

• Responsible for supporing, nourishing,
protecing the neurons
• Do not transmit informaion

49
Q

Connective Tissue function

A

Provide support and integrity for the
other tissues and structures of the
body

50
Q

Glial cells

A

• Responsible for supporing, nourishing,
protecing the neurons
• Do not transmit informaion

51
Q

Connective Tissue function

A

Provide support and integrity for the
other tissues and structures of the
body

52
Q

Integumentary System function

A

Protecion, defense & body temperature regulaion

53
Q

Examples of the Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands & oil glands

54
Q

Examples of the Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord & nerves

55
Q

Function of the Nervous System

A

Detecion of internal & external signals and coordinaion of physiological responses

56
Q

Function of the Musculoskeletal System

A

Movement, support & protection, blood cell production

57
Q

Musculoskeletal System examples

A

Bone, skeletal muscle, carilage, tendons &

ligaments

58
Q

Respiratory System examples

A

Nasal passage, trachea & lungs

59
Q

Function of the Respiratory System

A

Route of entry for air & regulaion of gas levels in blood

60
Q

Cardiovascular System examples

A

Heart, blood vessels & blood

61
Q

Function of the Cardiovascular System

A

Movement of blood through body to carry materials through the body

62
Q

Function of the Immune & Lymphaic Systems

A

Defense against pathogens &return of lymphaic luid to

blood

63
Q

Examples of Immune & Lymphaic Systems

A

Lymphoid issues, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, &

immunocytes

64
Q

Function of the Endocrine System

A

Coordinaion of growth, metabolism, reproducion &

physiological homeostasis)

65
Q

Examples of Endocrine System

A

Hormone secreing glands (thyroid, pancreas, pituitary,adrenal & parathyroid)

66
Q

Function of the Urinary System

A

Condiioning of the blood, regulaion of plasma volume & excreion

67
Q

Examples of the Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra

68
Q

Function of the Digesive System

A

Coordinated digesion of food mater & nutrient

absorpion

69
Q

Examples of the Digesive System

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach,

intesines, liver, gall bladder & pancreas

70
Q

Function of the Reproducive System

A 
Producion of gametes, sex steroids & subsequent
embryonic development (♀)
71
Q

Examples of the Reproducive System

A

• ♂: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis & sex
glands
• ♀: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina &
mammary glands

72
Q

Respiratory System examples

A

Nasal passage, trachea & lungs

73
Q

Function of the Respiratory System

A

Route of entry for air & regulaion of gas levels in blood

74
Q

Examples of the Reproducive System

A

• ♂: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis & sex
glands
• ♀: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina &
mammary glands

75
Q

Function of the Reproducive System

A 
Producion of gametes, sex steroids & subsequent
embryonic development (♀)
76
Q

Examples of the Digesive System

A

Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach,

intesines, liver, gall bladder & pancreas

77
Q

Function of the Digesive System

A

Coordinated digesion of food mater & nutrient

absorpion

78
Q

Examples of the Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra

79
Q

Function of the Urinary System

A

Condiioning of the blood, regulaion of plasma volume & excreion

80
Q

Examples of Endocrine System

A

Hormone secreing glands (thyroid, pancreas, pituitary,adrenal & parathyroid)

81
Q

Function of the Endocrine System

A

Coordinaion of growth, metabolism, reproducion &

physiological homeostasis)

82
Q

Examples of Immune & Lymphaic Systems

A

Lymphoid issues, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, &

immunocytes

83
Q

Function of the Immune & Lymphaic Systems

A

Defense against pathogens &return of lymphaic luid to

blood

84
Q

Function of the Cardiovascular System

A

Movement of blood through body to carry materials through the body

85
Q

Cardiovascular System examples

A

Heart, blood vessels & blood

BIOL 1334 (12 decks)

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