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biol 1334 > A&P1_HW02 > Flashcards

A&P1_HW02 Flashcards

1
Q

describe how the cell theory applies to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms

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2
Q

What occurs during a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Water breaks covalent bonds in a polymer, creating separate monomers.

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3
Q

Examples of Monomers

A

simple sugars, amino acids

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4
Q

Decribe a monomer

A

individual subunits of larger molecules

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5
Q

Decribe polymers

A

molecules composed of smaller subunits linked together

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6
Q

Examples of polymers

A

Starch, muscle protien, RNA

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7
Q

What is a monomer?

A

a small molecule that can form a hydrogen bond with another molecule

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8
Q

examples of molecules that could be produced by a hydrolysis reaction.

A

amino acids from digesting the protein in chicken and glucose molecules formed when a starch molecule is broken down

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9
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Break down polymers

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10
Q

Describe DNA

A
  • is a single molecule that can be over 10,000,000 nucleotides long
  • is the genome for eukaryotic organisms
  • is usually double stranded
  • includes deoxyribose sugar
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11
Q

Describe RNA

A
  • is usally single stranded
  • includes the base uracil
  • can be translated into a protein
  • is a single molecule that can form a complex secondary structure
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12
Q

What intermolecular force is responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA double helix together?

A

hydrogen bond

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13
Q

How can we distinguish Purines

A

two ring structure

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14
Q

How can we distinguish Purines

A

two ring structure

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15
Q

How can we distinguish Pyrimidines

A

one ring structure

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16
Q

Name two biomolecules that are types of protein?

A

enzymes

myosin

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17
Q

What is a peptide bond?

A

a covalent bond formed when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino group of a different molecule

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18
Q

Which substances contain, or are examples of, lipids?

A

cell memebran

testosterone

beeswax

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19
Q

How to identify saturated fatty acid

A

All of the bonds in the hydrocarbon chain of saturated fatty acid are single bonds.

20
Q

Characteristics pertaining to cellulose

A

unbranched and important for the structure of pine tress

21
Q

Characteristics pertaining to starch

A

moderatley branched, used for energy storage in seeds

22
Q

Characteristics pertaining to glycogen

A

highly

23
Q

name a carbohydrate that is a monosaccharide?

A

fructose

24
Q

Identify a pair of monosaccharides.

A

fructose and galactose

25
Q

define biomolecules

A

organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to perform a variety of functions

26
Q

Two examples of carbohydrates

A

glucose, cellulose

27
Q

Two examples of lipids

A

cholesterol, testosterone

28
Q

Two examples of Nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA

29
Q

Two examples of proteins

A

antibody, collagen

30
Q

What happens in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of carbohydrates yields monosaccharides

31
Q

What happens in the digestion of triacylglycerols

A

Hydrolysis of ester bonds in triacylglycerols yields products including fatty acids

32
Q

What happens in the digestion of protiens

A

Hydrolsis of the peptide bonds of protiens produces amino acids

33
Q

Enzyme pepsin functions best at what pH

A

2

34
Q

Enzyme trypsin functions best at what pH

A

8

35
Q

best describe the overall role of enzymes in metabolism?

A

Enzymes increase the speed of reactions

36
Q

Define metabolism

A

the sum of catabolic and anabolic reations that occur within a cell

37
Q

decribe a catabolic reaction

A

degrade organic molecules into simpler components and generate energy that the cell can use

38
Q

decribe a anabolic reaction

A

requires energy and assemble more complex molecules

39
Q

How do enzymes catalyze reactions?

A

Enzymes bind with and change the conformation of substrates

40
Q

What change occurs when an enzyme binds to a substrate with induced fit?

A

The shape of the enzyme’s active site changes to better fit the substrate.

41
Q

how would temperture

affect a reaction rate.

A

increase

42
Q

how would adding a catalyst

affect a reaction rate.

A

increase

43
Q

how would decrease the concentration of a reactant affect a reaction rate.

A

decrease

44
Q

how would decreasing the surface area of a solid reactant affect a reaction rate.

A

decrease

45
Q

How does a decrease in the temperature of a chemical reaction affect the reaction rate?

A

The reaction rate decreases.

46
Q

How does a decrease in the reactant concentration affect the reaction rate of a chemical reaction?

A

The reaction rate decreases.

biol 1334 (12 decks)

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