Lecture 1 RH Flashcards
How can covalent bonds happen if one atom has 2 free electrons?
One atom can donate both electrons to the atom it is bonding with
How can metals bond to proteins?
Proteins can form covalent bonds with metals by donating 2 electrons
What is another name for a single bond between carbon atoms?
Sigma bond
How do double bonds form between carbon atoms?
free electrons around the carbon atom are shared between both carbons forming a pi bond in addition to the sigma bond
Is there free rotation between double bonds?
No, they are rigid
Why are lipids typically non-polar?
No significant difference in electronegativity between carbon and hydrogen making lipids non-polar
What is the significance of polarity in reactivity of the C=O?
partial positive carbon is the site of attack for a nucleophile
How many bonds can C N O and F form?
4, 3, 2, 1 respectively
What kind of isomers do alkanes have?
Skeletal isomers
How is it possible to know the number of isomers an organic molecule has?
2^n where n is the number of chiral atoms.
What is the more common isomer in nature of sugar, “D” or “L”?
D-sugars
What is the more common isomer in nature of amino acids, “D” or “L”?
L-amino acids
What is the structure of antifreeze glycoprotein like?
alanine-threonine-alanine
Connected to them are some sugars
How does Antifreeze glycoprotein protect the deep sea teleost from freezing in antarctic waters?
They prevent crystals from growing too much by the interactions of sugar with the water molecules
How can the form of the amino acid be determined from pka and surrounding base?
If pH is greater than the pKa value the environment is base relative to that group and so the environment “takes” the H+ from the group.
If pH is lower than the pKa the opposite happens.
