Lecture 1: Revision of brain, spinal cord and meninges Flashcards

Question

Oligodendrocytes function

Answer 1

insulation in the CNS

Answer 2

Immune cells

Answer 3

Line ventricles, move cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

(Neuron cell bodies) Nucleus (CNS) Ganglion (PNS)

Answer 5

(Axons) | Lipid material in myelin sheaths gives white appearance

Answer 6

collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS | e.g. the dorsal root ganglion

Answer 7

Sitting on the outside and also some on the inside and between the two is the white matter

Answer 8

Spinal cord has grey matter on the inside and white matter on the outside

Answer 9

On outside in cerebrum but not spinal cord because cerebrum is folded to give extra surface area which means that we can put more nerve cells on the edge that has been folded and we need more nerve cells put there because of our capacity to think, move and speak

Answer 10

the first later of the meninges that you see when you take the skull away

Answer 11

separates large regions of the brain | deep sulcus

Answer 12

grey matter

Answer 13

Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and the cerebellum

Answer 14

* is buried deep within the lateral sulcus & forms part of its floor * is covered by portions of the temporal, parietal & frontal lobes

Answer 15

Separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Answer 16

separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.

Answer 17

separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Answer 18

central sulcus

Answer 19

transverse fissure central sulcus lateral sulcus

Answer 20

Parieto-occipital sulcus | Transverse fissure

Answer 21

separates the parietal and occipital lobes

Answer 22

pituitary gland, inferiorly part of the diencephalon

Answer 23

Extends from the foramen magnum (base of the skull) to first or second lumbar vertebra

Answer 24

About the width of your thumb, approximately 42 cm long

Answer 25

provides two-way street of information to (afferent/sensory) and from (efferent/motor) the brain

Answer 26

two - cervical enlargement and the lumbar enlargement

Answer 27

where the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise , enlarged to house these neurons more neurons particularly motor neurons for limb movement

Answer 28

The tapered, lower end of the spinal cord. It occurs near lumbar vertebral levels 1 (L1) and 2 (L2), occasionally lower. ... After the spinal cord tapers out, the spinal nerves continue to branch out diagonally, forming the cauda equina.

Answer 29

- extends from the conus medullaris to the posterior surface of the coccyx anchors the spinal cord The filum terminale is continuous with the pia mater

Answer 30

- the collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal Why? • After birth the vertebral column grows faster than spinal cord. Nerves have to grow down in order to innervate more inferior structures

Answer 31

Grey matter is centrally located, white matter is peripherally located posterior media sulcus anterior median fissure - bigger space anteriorly due to blood vessels therefore it is a tissue dorsal roots = afferent fibres connect to dorsal root fanglion, send sensory impulses to the cord ventral root = efferent fibres, axons to effector organs spinal nerve = mixed fibres

Answer 32

Paralysis - loss of motor function Paresthesias - sensory loss •~260 new spinal cord injuries each year in NZ • 80% SCI are males aged 15-35 years

Answer 33

loss of motor function

Answer 34

sensory loss

Answer 35

what level the injury occurs at

Answer 36

high tetraplegia - cannot move upper and lower limbs

Answer 37

low tetraplegia - some movement in upper limbs, no movement in lower limbs

Answer 38

paraplegia = no movement in lower limbs, still movement in the upper limbs

Answer 39

complete or incomplete

Answer 40

motor (paralysis) on the right side of the body

Answer 41

sensory loss on left side

Answer 42

Protection of the brain and spinal cord Membranes that are associated with the brain prevents the sort tissue of brain damaging itself on the skull which is a hard tissue 3 layers - dura mater (external) - arachnoid mater (intermediate) - pia mater (internal) • Large subarachnoid space, within which is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) • Form the partitions within the skull (dura)

Answer 43

tough mother • Thick layer of connective tissue surrounding the brain • Very Tough ( hard to stretch, collagen within it so it has tensile strength) - providing main support and protection

Answer 44

periosteal layer and meningeal layer 2 layers of dura mater separate and form large dural venous sinuses (between the two layers) e.g. the superior sagittal sinus

Answer 45

• extends inward to form flat partitions e.g. falx cerebri - subdivide the cranial cavity - limit excessive movement of the brain within the cranium

Answer 46

forms a partition between the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 47

forms a partition between the cerebellum and cerebrum

Answer 48

forms a partition between two cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 49

sickle shaped * Lies in median sagittal plane (in longitudinal fissure) * Partially separates cerebral hemispheres

Answer 50

attaches to crista galli, anteriorly attaches to upper surface of tentorium cerebelli in the midline, posteriorly

Answer 51

* more horizontal plane | * separates cerebrum from cerebellum

Answer 52

* Smaller dural fold runs along the vermis (midline of cerebellum) of the cerebellum * Separates two cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 53

* The space between meningeal dura mater & arachnoid mater * Very narrow, contains a film of fluid • May be enlarged by bleeding (= subdural haemorrhage)