Lecture 1 (Quiz 1)

Question 1

Etiologic Classifications (9)

Answer 1

1. Congenital
2. Inherited
3. Idiopathic
4. Iatrogenic
5. Infectious & Immunological
6. Metabolic
7. Nutritional
8. Neoplastic
9. Chemical/Physical Agents

Question 2

Congenital

Answer 2

Apparent at the time of birth. Ex: Down’s Syndrome

Question 3

Inherited

Answer 3

Genetic. Ex: Huntington’s

Question 4

Idiopathic

Answer 4

Unknown cause. Ex: Certain drug toxicities, Steven Johnson Syndrome

Question 5

Iatrogenic

Answer 5

Caused by medical intervention. Ex: Infected surgical wound

Question 6

Infectious

Answer 6

Any bacterial, viral, parasitic, etc. type of infection. Ex: Staph or HIV

Question 7

Immunological

Answer 7

Overreaction of the immune system causing damage. Ex: Rheumatoid fever, inflammations, etc.

Question 8

Metabolic

Answer 8

Any disease that effects the body’s metabolism and balance. Ex: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome

Question 9

Nutritional

Answer 9

Any disease that effects ingestion, uptake, absorption, or excretion of nutrients or wastes. Ex: Anorexia, Bulimia, Marasmus

Question 10

Neoplastic

Answer 10

Lack of control of cell growth control that can be genetic in nature. Ex: Cancer

Question 11

Pathogenesis

Answer 11

Cellular Changes&raquo_space; Tissues & Organ Changes&raquo_space; Changes in Systemic Function&raquo_space; Complications of Communication between Systems (All Interplay!!)

Question 12

Stages of Clinical Course (9)

Answer 12

1. Incubation
2. Prodromal
3. Acute
4. Subclinical
5. Latent
6. Chronic
7. Remission
8. Exacerbation
9. Sequelae

Question 13

Incubation

Answer 13

Time between etiological event & first signs/symptoms Ex: Time between contracting the flu virus and experiencing flu symtoms

Question 14

Prodromal

Answer 14

First signs/symptoms appear

Question 15

Acute

Answer 15

Significant symptoms over a short period of time (hour to days).

Question 16

Subclinical

Answer 16

ACTIVE disease without signs/symptoms. Ex: Renal Disease, no symptoms until 90% of function is lost

Question 17

Latent

Answer 17

Silent Period. Symptoms disappear but a relapse can occur. Ex: Shingles, Herpes

Question 18

Chronic

Answer 18

Disease that lasts months to years.

Question 19

Remission

Answer 19

Decrease or disappearance of signs/symptom, may be related to a cure but not always. Ex: Cancer

Question 20

Exacerbation

Answer 20

Sudden increase in severity of symptoms/signs. “Flare-up.” Ex: AECB

Question 21

Sequelae

Answer 21

Pathology after disease. Ex: Scarring from inflammation

Question 22

Symptoms

Answer 22

Subjective. Only can be reported by the person with disease. Ex: Nausea, Headache, Join Pain, etc.

Question 23

Signs

Answer 23

Objective. Can be seen/measured/determined by health professional through tests or observation.

Question 24

Factors Influencing Normalcy (5)

Answer 24

1. Cultural
2. Situational
3. Gender
4. Age
5. Time of Day

Question 25

Parameters to Assess Signs (6)

Answer 25

1. Validity
2. Reliability
3. Sensitivity
4. Specificity
5. Positive Predictive Value (PPV)
6. Negative Predictive Value (NPV)

Question 26

Validity

Answer 26

Value of measurements as intended. Ex: Pulse oximeter isn’t a valid choice for someone with diabetes or carbon monoxide poisoning.

Question 27

Reliability

Answer 27

Getting similar results across multiple tests. Doesn’t necessarily mean accuracy!!!

Question 28

Sensitivity

Answer 28

Ability to accurately detect true positives.

Question 29

Specificity

Answer 29

Ability to accurately detect true negatives.

Question 30

PPV

Answer 30

Probability that a positive test result means the patient has the disease.

Question 31

NPV

Answer 31

Probability that a negative test result means the patient doesn’t have the disease.

Question 32

Levels of Prevention

Answer 32

Primary - Alter susceptibility and lower exposure
Secondary - Early detection, management of disease
Tertiary - Rehabilitation, supportive care, restore effective function and decrease disability.