Lecture 1 Neuron Flashcards
what are the basics structures of a neuron
- Soma (cell body)
- Dendrites (like routes, branches treelike attached to Soma
- Axon (long slender highways) (always one axon across the neuron.
- Terminal buttons (buds at the end of axons
How to classify the neurons the structural way
- Multipolar : Neuron with 1 axon with multiple dendrites
- Bipolar : 1 axon and 1 dendrite (opposite ends).
Unipolar: 1 stalk branches in two
How to classify the neurons the functional way?
Sensory neuron : detects changes in the environments and sends info to the brain and the spinal cord (CNS) (the interneurons).
Interneurons : it’s in the brain, it receives the information sent by the sensory neurons to make a decisions about it like lifting a cup of coffee.
Motor neuron : controls contractions of muscles or secretion of glands. (movements of the body in general).
What makes a neuron special and unique ?
it’s shape (dendrites and axon)
what does a neuron uses to work ?
electricity and chemicals signals.
What are scaffold proteins for ?
Scaffold proteins help relay the message between the cell membrane and nucleus faster.
What are the 3 types of scaffold proteins ?
Microtubules (the walking thingy) : constantly being built and disassembled. (it’s a railroad across the neuron.)
Neurofilaments : helps to maintain the axons together
Microfilaments : synapse between axon + dendrites (destroyed and created quickly (a lot of actin required).
transport method 1 : Slow Axoplasmic Transport
CLass A : transports large scale proteins, cytoskeletal.
Class B : transports cytostolic
Transport method : FAAT Fast anterogade axoplasmic transport.
200-400 mm / day
From soma to axon/dendrites.
uses kinesin
Transport method : FRAT Fast retrograde axoplasmic transport.
100-200 mm / day
From axon/dendrites to soma
uses dynein.
