Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perception and Cognition > Lecture 1- Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture 1- Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is perception?

A

Human experiencing our environment which is the senses (needed for navigate the world and understand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cognition?

A

Humans understanding their environment which is the thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is machinery?

A

Focus on cognitive psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cognitive science?

A

A group of disciplines that focus on understanding the human mind
Data mining: how sensory information processing being effortless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is perception and cognition?

A

Collecting and interpreting information about the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the outside world?

A

Physical state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the inside world?

A

The mental state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sensory and processing system?

A

Channel to collect information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the information processing chain?

A

Distributed networks where behaviour and thinking is based on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the chain for information processing?

A

Perception–>attention–>memory–>action/thinking (bottom up processing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is central scientific approach?

A

Where there is acquisition, processing, storage and recall of data in the human rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the historical development of metaphors?

A

Building of a machine to understand underlying process such as cogwheel brain and Descartes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the concerns for perception and cognition?

A

Perception and cognition is difficult as we aren’t looking at the brain in action
Perception and cognition is not a real part of psychology but fundamental to other disciplines of psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the brain responsible for?

A

Distinctive operation as the division of processing is in small functional units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is functional architecture?

A

The organisation and structure of the cognitive processes in the brain. The brain regions and neurones interact and support the cog functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is functional architecture characterised by?

A

Hierarchical organization with lower-level sensory and motor regions feeding information to higher-level association areas
Dynamic interactions between brain networks that vary depending on task demands, context, and individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What has allowed insight into functional architecture?

A

Advances in fMRIs, EEGS allowing researchers to map brain activity patterns associated with different cognitive tasks and states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the functional architecture of the brain adaptable?

A

As there is neuroplasticity which allows the brain to learn new skills, recover from injury, and compensate for deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

The brain’s ability to rewire neural circuits and establish new connections in response to changes in behavior or environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Magnus find?

A

Speculated the functional role of 3 ventricles such as common senses, creative rational thought and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does cognitive neuroscience help us understand?

A

The processes of mental events such as interacting with the world, how we store information, how we communicate, how we organise social life, how we maintain mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do we study perception and cognition?

A

Scientific curiosity to understand the mind, applications in implementing knowledge in thinking machines, basis to understanding pathology and managing impairment such as sensory deficits in strokes and Alzheimer’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the theories of the brain?

A

Cortex grew due to duplication of neurones and genetic mutations

24
Q

What is the dominant theory?

A

Cortex evolved due to the shifts in cell migration in development

25
Q

What is the neural network theory?

A

Cognitive processes arise from the interconnected activity of many neuron in the brain.

26
Q

What is predictive coding?

A

The brain generates predictions about sensory input based on prior knowledge and expectations through top down information processing

27
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Constructs mental maps from information from the senses

28
Q

How do we collect information?

A

Perceptual bottleneck and perceptual filter

29
Q

What is a perceptual bottleneck?

A

Refers to a limitation in the processing capacity of the perceptual system causin a bottleneck in the flow of information during perception

30
Q

How do perceptual bottlenecks occur?

A

the need for selective attention as the perpetual system prioritises certain stimuli

31
Q

What can influence perceptual bottlenecks?

A

The complexity of the stimulus as complex stimuli requires more processing
High demand of the task and if they require multiple stimuli

32
Q

What can perceptual bottlenecks cause?

A

Errors in perceptions and slower reaction times

33
Q

What is perceptual filter?

A

The brain selectively attends to certain stimuli while filtering out others and stimuli that is relevant

34
Q

What does the effectiveness of perceptual filter depend on?

A

Personality traits, cognitive abilities, and attentional control

35
Q

What variables do the 5 senses have?

A

Temp, pain, ultrasound

36
Q

What is sensory substitution?

A

Replacement of missing senses with another senses to transfer across sensory modalities

37
Q

What are the theories of perception?

A

Gestalt psychology, direct perception, constructivist approach and information processing approach

38
Q

What does Gestalt psychology focus on?

A

The principles of perceptual organisation

39
Q

What is Pragnanz?

A

When people are presented with complex shapes or a set of ambiguous elements, their brains choose to interpret them in the easiest manner possible.

40
Q

What is direct perception

A

Emphasis on bottom up processing, exploits richness of information, content in sensory data, direct use for behavioural control with need of high level representation

41
Q

What is flowfield in direct perception?

A

Unambiguous information about spatial layout

42
Q

What is object affordance in direct perception?

A

Immediate perception of the action possibilities or opportunities for interaction that an object offers to an observer in the behavioural context

43
Q

What is resonance in direct perception?

A

Processes to extract information

44
Q

What does constructivist approach focus on?

A

Emphasises top down processes to resolve ambiguities in the mind and tries to make the best sense of limited noisy data

45
Q

What perception occur in the constructivist approach?

A

An active construction of perception

46
Q

What comparison occurs in the constructivist approach?

A

The iterative comparison of sensory input with internal knowledge

47
Q

What is information processing approach?

A

Neuroscientific and computational approach to perception

48
Q

What do receptors do in information processing approach?

A

Transform stimuli to neural signals

49
Q

What do receptive fields do in information processing approach?

A

Localisation and tuning

50
Q

What do filters do in information processing approach?

A

Encoding of information efficiently

51
Q

What do representation do in information processing approach?

A

Cortical processing and mapping

52
Q

What do illusions do in information processing approach?

A

Inherent misrepresent of the physical world

53
Q

What do active sensing do in information processing approach?

A

The process by which organisms actively control their sensory input to gather information from the environment more efficiently.

54
Q

What does active sensing involve?

A

Dynamic interaction between the organism and its environment

55
Q

What does active sensing allow?

A

To gather information more efficiently by directing sensory input to regions of interest

Perception and Cognition (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions