Lecture 1 Flashcards
What happens in a lesion
Abnormal structural and functional changes
How can you observe a lesion
May be observed by:
Gross examination
Microscopic examination
Laboratory methods
What are the three possible types of diagnoses
Presumptive
Definitive
Differential
What is a prognosis
A statement regarding the expected (estimated) outcome of the disease
Hopefully evidence-based
Why do we do necropsies
To identify the causes of the disease
to identify cause of death
What are some causes of cell injury
Hypoxia Physical agents Chemical agents Infectious agents and their toxins Genetic mutations Nutritional deficiencies and imbalances Aging
What can cause cell degeneration
Increase in water (hydropic degeneration)
Increase in other substances
(Fat
Amyloid
Other)
Can be seem macroscopically in microscopically
What is pyknosis
When nuclei is condensed and dense in dead cells
what is karyorrhexis
when nuclei breaks up into fragments
what is karyolysis
when the nuclei is dissolved
What are terms you use to describe necrosis of an organ or tissue
Pale
Soft
Friable
Sharply demarcated
What are the types of necrosis
coagulation necrosis
caseous necrosis
liqufactive
gangrenous
What species get coagulation necrosis
cows
Describe liqufactive necrosis
Mostly in central nervous system
Rapid enzymatic dissolution
describe gangrenous necrosis
Typically further degraded by bacteria that liquefies (moist gangrene – typically saprophytic bacteria) or produces gas (gas gangrene – typically Clostridium).
Dry gangrene – ischemia, mommification
