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Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many breeding ewes in Ireland currently

A

2.7 million breeding ewes in ireland

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2
Q

2 major cost items of sheep farms are :

A

Feeds

Fertiliser

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3
Q

What has reduced the breeding flock ?

A

Hoggets and ewes are asking very high prices

The fact that hoggets and ewes are getting great money in the factory so farmers are selling them to the mart

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4
Q

Sheep in NZ whats the craic 3 points

A

NZ has lost over half of its breeding flock in NX since 1980’s

theyve increased number of lambs born per ewe and due to them selling meet theyve increased the average carcass weight from 12kg-19kg

If sheep numbers continue to decline = the amount of meat they produce will continue to decline.

8% of sheep meat produced is traded locally

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5
Q

Top sheep meet producers internationally

A

Australia , NZ , UK and IRE

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6
Q

How many sheep are in the world?

How many of these sheep are in Ireland?

How much does Ireland export?

On average how much sheep meat do we consume per annum?

On average how much of other meat do we consume per year?

A

1 billion sheep in the world

2.7 million of these sheep in Ireland

IRE export 75% of sheep produces (3/4 of sheep in this country is exported)

On average we consume 3 kilos of sheep meat per annum

We consume 100-120kilos of meat per year, sheep meat is a nice protein source.

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7
Q

Has there been a decline in sheep meat?

A

In 2010, on average every person was consuming 10 kilos of sheep meat so there has been a massive decline of the consumption of sheep meat

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8
Q

why don’t people eat sheep meat?

A

Price,
Convenience,
Flavour

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9
Q

Whats the major output in sheep systems in the 1950’s and now ?

A

Up to 1950s wool would of been major output of meet systems and now the major output it meat

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10
Q

In 2019
-How many Clean Sheep Slaughter in UK
-Ewe and Ram slaughter

A

-13,154.7

-1,969.4

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11
Q

Who is our biggest competitor globally?

A

nz

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12
Q

Whats the self sufficiency of lamb in EU?

A

EU less than 90% self sufficient for lamb

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13
Q

Profitability and net margin per ha of teagasc 2025 decrease or increase?

A

net margin per ha is going to increase in 2025

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14
Q

In 2020
-How many Clean Sheep Slaughter in UK
-Ewe and Ram slaughter

A

-13,059.4

-1,424.6

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15
Q

In 2021
-How many Clean Sheep Slaughter in UK
-Ewe and Ram slaughter

A

-11,774.3

-1,155.9

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16
Q

Demographic of farming sheep in Ireland

A

1 in 3 farmers sheep farmers are claming the pension, we have more farmers over the age of 70 the under the age of 30

In IRE, sheep flock is migrating to the western seaboard and the mountains.
-Efficiency challenges and then so many in hills to

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17
Q

In 2022
-How many Clean Sheep Slaughter in UK
-Ewe and Ram slaughter

A

-12,115.1

-1,207.4

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18
Q

Whats the sheep year look like?

A

1- Mating (Tubbing)

2-Scanning

3-Lambing

4-8 weeks post lambing

5- weaning

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19
Q

Sheeps Oestrous cycle and why

A

sheep are seasonal breeders, they go through a period of seasonal anoestrous

Short day breeders

Get pregnant when daylight is decreased and they give birth in spring and this maximises the chance of survival of offspring

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20
Q

Lowland ewes lambing

High land ewes lambing

When do they lamb and why do they lamb at this time?

When are the feed req highest ?

A

Late feb- early march

April into May

Coincide lambing with growth of grass or herbage

Feed requirements is highest when ewe is rearing lambs

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21
Q

Per kilo of lamb produced how many kilos of Grass, Silage and Conc are needed?

A

per kilo of lamb carcass produced 22 kilos of grass DM required

4 kilos of silage DM

0.9 kilos of concentrates are required produced

26 of the 27 kilos are unedible to human

so 90% of the conc was human inedible - an efficient return

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22
Q

Assuming 85% utilisation, you need to grow ? grass DM for every ewe

A

1 tonne

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23
Q

1 ewe and her lambs over the course of the year concentrates:

Medium Prolificy

High Prolificy

A

27.3 medium prolificity

29.5 high prolificity

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24
Q

to feed a ewe and her lambs how much DM will they utilise ?

A

850kg DM

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25
Per kg carcass produced: medium high p-Value
medium 31 high 26.9 p-Value 0.001
26
What animals are higher efficiently?
high prolificacy per kilo of carcass produced required less feed inputs than the medium prolificacy animals
27
Whats the story with breeding animals and feeding?
Breeding animals consume higher feed High prolificy dilute the amount of feed consumption by the ewe by more lambs
28
KPIIIIIIIII'S!!!!!!!! Slide 13
29
KPI Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Litter size :
Current 1.48 Industry Target 2027 1.75 Current research performance >2.1 Very behind in litter size Litter size is a function of genetics and nutrition
30
KPI Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Ewes lambed %
Current 96 Industry Target 2027 96 Current research performance 96
31
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Lamb Mortality%
Current 7.6 Industry Target 2027 <8 Current research performance <12
32
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Stocking Rate (ewes/ha)
Current 7.8 Industry Target 2027 9 Current research performance 12
33
Concentrate Input Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance
Current 103 Industry Target 2027 50 Current research performance 35 If your feeding less conc your using more chem fertiliser , if your using more conc your using less chemical fert
34
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Chemical N
Current 73 Industry Target 2027 85** Current research performance 132
35
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Carcass weight (kg/ha)
Current 225 Industry Target 2027 280 Current research performance >445
36
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Direct cost (€/ha)
Current 523 Industry Target 2027 570 Current research performance 700
37
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Gross Margin (€/ha)
Current 659 Industry Target 2027 825 Current research performance 1,400
38
Where does spare capicity exist in the irish industry End of year exam Q
39
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Fixed costs
Current 510 Target 500 Current research performance 550
40
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance net margin
Current 149 Industry Target 2027 325 Current research performance 850
41
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance Average GHG Emmisions per kg liveweight sheep produced (kgCO2 e/kg carcass)
Current 9.2 Industry Target 2027 8.5 Current research performance 8.3
42
Current Industry Target 2027 Current research performance % Chemical N Spread as protected urea
Current 1% (2019) Industry Target 2027 35% Current research performance 35%
43
Prolific breed
Suffolk 50% in lowland Scottish blackface in the mountains
44
Breed categories nationally how many?
2.7 million ewes
45
What can lowland be divided into
Terminal and maternal
46
List terminal breeds
Textal Suffolk Charollais Beltex Vendeen 60% of breeding ewes are in terminal genetics
47
Whats the primary target of terminal?
slaughter
48
Terminal breeds have : (4)
-High confirmation and fat percentages -High growth rates and weaning weights -Average litter size -Average colostrum and milk production ability
49
What breed tends to be less vigiorus?
Suffolk lambs tend to be less vigorous than other lamb types
50
Texel (5) characteristics
-Originates from holland Excellent carcass quality Good killout percentage clean lambs prolificy 1.4 lambs / ewe
51
Suffolk (4) Characteristics
Originates from England Suitable for early lambing Excellent weaning weights Heavy carcass weight
52
Charollais (5) Characteristics
Originated in france Easy lambing- fine bone High growth rate High meat yield Prolific good for terminal for terminal breed There a bit wild first lambers
53
List maternal breed types (6)
Belclare, Lleyn, Mule, Easy care, Galway, Rouge
54
Whats the primary reason for breeding maternal breed types?
-Future breeding stock
55
Sheep replacement rate per year is,,,
20%
56
Maternal breed characteristics (4)
-Good natural mothering ability -Goof colostrum and milk production -High weaning efficiency -High litter size
57
Talk about Belclare breed history
F1 really high litter size Small lambs, ages to reach slaughter weight Second phase of belclare , took a lot longer for people to take uptake
58
Belclare When in galway? what year? What are the Belclare improver breeds?
1970's in Belclare Co.Galway Finnish Landrace + Galway + Lleyn slide 24
59
Belclare characteristics (2)
Very high litter size Poor conformation
60
Whats the belclare mark II mix known as?
Belclare improver + Texel
61
Belclare mark II (4) characteristics
Imporved from the original breed Better confirmation Imporved growth rates Litter size - 2 lambs per ewe
62
Lleyn (6) characteristics
Lleyn peninsula, North wales Popularity increased in last 10 years Medium size (75kg) Quiet natured Good maternal instinct Litter size - 1.9 lambs per ewe
63
Mule What are the different breeds? 5 characteristics
Bluefaced leicester rams (Prolific 2.3 lambs per ewe) Blackface mountain or Lanark ewe -Good maternal instinct -Hardiness -Thriftiness -longevity -Lambs have good growth rates -Litter size 1.9 lambs ewe -Easy to manage and adaptable to different production systems
64
What is the Suffolk lambs reared/ewe joined number ?
1.37
65
Is there a hesitancy for farmers to move to more prolific genetics
There is a hesitancy of farmers to engage with more prolific genetics Sweet point = 198% scanning percentage This is slide 32
66
What do you want ewes lambing down at? What BCS
Ewes lambing for at a BCS of 3
67
Unrealised potential slide 32- talk about triplets 8-9% of ewes lambing with triplets in the flock
68
How to we start to improve the flock (6)
-Breeding/genetics -Nutriton -MANAGEMENT -eDUCATION -tECHNOLOGY transfer -Health
69
What should you use when purchasing a ram?
€uro Star's
70
Whos responsible for improving the sheep flock in Ireland What are they doing?
Sheep Ireland They use the €uro star 5 stars: top 20% 1 stars: bottom 20% 1. Identify what aspect of Flock Performance you are trying to improve i.e. Production, Lambing, Maternal. 2. Identify the Rams with €uro-Stars in the relevant Sub Index. 3. Always pay close attention to the Accuracy %. 4. Use the €uro-Star Indices as a Tool to help you in your selection process.
71
What are the two sub indexes in the breeding indices :
Replacement Index Terminal Index
72
Slide 39 for reference Replacement Index Whats the 1 star and whats the 5 star for : lamb mortality % Number of lambs born Eve mature weight ?
Replacement Index 1 star- 16.64% 5 star- 9.60% Number of lambs born 1 star- 1.68 5 star- 1.81 Eve mature weight 1 star- 73.40 5 star- 69.22 This shows that index indices are working Slide 39
73
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is a product of genetics and environment
74
Slide 39 for reference Terminal Index Whats the 1 star and whats the 5 star for : Lambing difficulty 40 day weight (kg) Weaning weight %?
Lambing difficulty 1 star- 34.4% 5 star- 21.36% 40 Day Weight 1 Star- 18.98 5 Star- 19.52 Weaning Weight 1 Star- 31.94 5 Star- 33.02
75
NZ National Flock is at what number? was it higher or lower the year before?
25.3million sheep 2% lower the year before
76
Since 2002 the NZ National flock has shrunk by ???
14.2 million head or -36%
77
What are the sheep projections for Australia?
AUZ sheep flock herd to reach largest size in over 15 years. -The national sheep flock will grow to its highest level since 2007 at 78.75m head. -Record lamb production and exports are forecast for 2023, eclipsing total set in 2016 and 2022.
78
What does the decline in NZ sheep flock present for AUZ?
An opportunity for AUZ to increase its market share as the largest sheep meat in the world.
79
UK Sheep meat production: 2019-2022
2019 - 13,154.7 (307.5) 2020- 13,059.4 (296.1) 2021- 11,774.3 (267.3) 2022- 12,115.1 (275.8) It has declined every year but increased slightly in 2022 Slide 8
80
What's the production cycle for ewes? 5
1- Tupping 2- Scanning 3- Lambing 4- 8 weeks post lambing 5- Weaning
81
Slide 11 1kg of lamb is equivalent to: Grass Silage Conc
Grass 22.2kg DM Silage 3.8kg DM Conc 0.9kg DM
82
The annual feed budget for sheep of medium or high prolificacy: -Grazed grass -Conserved grass -Concentrates Of Medium prolificacy
-Grazed grass- 743 -Conserved grass- 122 -Concentrates - 27.3
83
The annual feed budget for sheep of medium or high prolificacy: -Grazed grass -Conserved grass -Concentrates Of High prolificacy
-Grazed grass- 735 -Conserved grass- 124 -Concentrates- 29.5
84
Total per kg carcass produced of the annual feed budget for sheep of medium or high prolificacy:
Medium- 31 High - 26.9
85
What is the assumption of the utilisation of 1 tn grass DM for every ewe?
850kg 85%
86
Annual Total DM yield 2014 What had the highest DM yield? put in order slide 14
1- PRG WC 90 2- 9 Species mix 3- 6 Species Mix 4- PRG 250 5- PRG 90
87
Breed Categories: Nationally how many ewes? What groups can these ewes be classified into?
2.7 million ewes nationally Lowland and Hill
88
In the lowland ewes what can they be broken up into?
Terminal Maternal
89
List terminal breeds : 5 What the primary target of breed?
Texel Suffolk Charolais Beltex Vendeen Slaughter
90
What are traits of a terminal breed type? 4
High conformation and fat percentages High growth rates and weaning rates Average litter size Average colostrum and milk production ability
91
Slide 28-33 have a look at the graphs
92
How to use €uro Star when purchasing a ram, what 4 steps?
1. Identify what aspect of Flock Performance you are trying to improve i.e. Production, Lambing, Maternal. 2. Identify the Rams with €uro-Stars in the relevant Sub Index. 3. Always pay close attention to the Accuracy %. 4. Use the €uro-Star Indices as a Tool to help you in your selection process.
93
Slide 38 look at graph
94
Effects of increased ewe size : Advantages 4
- Lambs with a superior growth rate -Increased milking ability and prolificacy in some breeds, subject to adequate nutrition - Increased cull ewe value -Potential to increase breeding stock value, when larger ewes are in demand
95
Effects of increased ewe size : Disadvantages (5)
-Increased feed requirements -Poor performance in a harsh environment -Increased capacity required for housing -Heavier, stringer sheep to catch and handle -Lower stocking density

Nutrition S (7 decks)

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