Lecture 1 Flashcards
Deals with the study of matter which includes
• Properties of matter
• Composition (content) and structure (arrangements)
• Changes it undergoes
• Energy involved in any transformation of matter
Chemistry
Involves the scientific study of the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials
Organic chemistry
Study of all other compounds but carbon (Salts, water, oxygen)
Inorganic chemistry
Branch of chemistry that is concerned with the detection or identification of substance present in a sample
Analytical chemistry
Applies the mathematical theories and methods of physics to the properties of matter and to the study of chemical processes and methods of physics
Physical chemistry
Study of the chemistry of processes in living organisms ( Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids )
Biochemistry
Deals with the study of chemical processes applied in the industrial manufacture of substance
Industrial chemistry
IMPORTANT USES OF CHEMISTRY
____ chemistry of fertilizer
____ knowledge in composition and properties of the product
____ content of food or detergent
____ choose the best construction materials
____ effectively argue in court if he knows a paraffin test
____ understanding of mans ailments and drugs to be used to cure, vitamins and vaccines
Farmers
Salesman
Mothers
Architect/engineer
Lawyer
Medical expert (doctor, nurse)
Anything that has mass and takes up space
- ____ properties that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance
EX : (Physical dimensions, ductility, malleability, elasticity, density and temperature)
• ____ properties (Boiling point, color, temperature, luster, hardness)
• ____ properties ( Volume, mass , size, weight, length)
Matter
Physical properties
Insensitive
Extensive
Can only be determined during a change of composition
(Ex : Corrosion, flammability, decomposition, heat of combustion, chemical stability, toxicity, reactivity)
Chemical properties
CHANGES IN MATTER
____ Change in phase but no changes in composition
A. Vaporization. D. Crystallization
B. Distillation. E. Sublimation
C. Gas absorption. F. Sedimentation
G. Drying
_____ change in composition thus there is a chemical reaction
A. Burning. D. Digestion
B. Fermentation. F. Oxidation
C. Cooking G. Decomposition
Physical change
Chemical change
MATTER
______ matter having an invariant chemical composition and distinct properties
• ____ fundamental substance; cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods
• ____ substance composed of two or more elements in fixed proportions ; can be separated into simpler substances and elements only by chemical methods
Pure substance
Element
Compound
MATTER
_____ matter of consisting of two or more pure substance that retain their individual identities and can be separated by physical methods
• ____ mixture having a uniform composition and properties throughout (also called a solution)
• ____ mixture not uniform in composition and properties throughout
Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
____ There is no observable change in quantity of matter during a chemical reaction or during a physical change
Mass of input= ____
Law of conservation of mass
Mass of output
Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction or in a physical change. It can only be converted from one form to another
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
Chemical (food) - motion (movement)
Radiant (sun) - chemical (tree)
Electrical (electric ) - thermal (Oven)
Law of conservation of energy
