GROUP 4

Question 1

What functional groups defines carboxylic acid?

Answer 1

Carboxyl group (- COOH)

Question 2

Which of the following is a derivative of carboxylic acid?

Answer 2

Ester

Question 3

What is the Z group in esters?

Answer 3

An oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl group

Question 4

How are acid anhydride generally formed?

Answer 4

By the elimination of water from two carboxylic acids

Question 5

Which derivative of carboxylic acids is known for its fruity or floral odor ?

Answer 5

Esters

Question 6

What is a distinguishing feature of acyl chlorides ?

Answer 6

Contains a chlorine atom

Question 7

How can esters be prepared?

Answer 7

By reacting carboxylic acid with an alcohol

Question 8

What physical property distinguishes amides from esters?

Answer 8

Higher boiling point due to hydrogen bonding

Question 9

What is a primary use of acyl chlorides in the real world?

Answer 9

Pharmaceuticals synthesis

Question 10

Which of these derivatives requires harsher conditions for hydrolysis?

Answer 10

Amides

Question 11

Carboxylic acids are classified as ___ or ___ based on wether an alkyl (R) or an aryl (Ar) group is attached to the carboxyl group (R-COOH) or Ar- COOH)

Answer 11

Aliphatic
Aromatic

Question 12

Are molecules with an acyl functional group (___) that are closely related to carboxylic acids

Answer 12

Carboxylic acid derivatives
RCO-

Question 13

Contains electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, directly bonded to the carbon of the carbonyl group.

Answer 13

Z groups

Question 14

Are a type of carboxylic derivatives. Their Z group is an oxygen atom bonded to another alkyl R group, giving the STRUCTURE ___

Answer 14

Esters
RCOOR

Question 15

We call the -COO- combination of atoms the ____

Answer 15

Ester linkage group

Question 16

Their Z group is an amine group (___) giving them the structure ___. The combination of The C=O double bond and the amine group is known as the ____

Answer 16

Amides
-NH2
RCONH2
amide group

Question 17

Amides have a generally structure ___

Answer 17

RCOOCOR

Question 18

Two acyl groups joined by an Oxygen atom Z group

Answer 18

Acid anhydride

Question 19

They’re a type of ACYL HALIDE, an acid derivative with a halogen atom Z group.

Answer 19

Acyl chloride

Question 20

In acyl chloride the halogen atom is a ____.

Acyl chlorides have the general structure ____

Answer 20

Chlorine atom
RCOCI

Question 21

Esters can be formed by reacting a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in an ___. They are also made by acylating alcohols using an acyl chloride or acid anhydrites

Answer 21

Esterification reaction

Question 22

Amides can be formed by reacting an acyl chloride or acid anhydride with ammonia or a primary amine. This is called ___

Answer 22

Nucleophilic addition - elimination acylation reaction

Question 23

Acid anhydride can theoretically be made in a ___ between two carboxylic acids

Answer 23

Dehydration reaction

Question 24

___ are prepared by reacting carboxylic acids with phosphorus (V) chloride, phosphorus (III) chloride or sulfur dichloride oxide

Answer 24

Acyl chloride

Question 25

Typically have strong pungent odor

Answer 25

Acyl chloride

Question 26

Generally soluble in organic solvents (alcohol and ether) but less soluble in water due to limited hydrogen bonding capabilities

Answer 26

Esters

Question 27

Generally soluble in organic solvents but reactive with water

Answer 27

Acyl chloride

Question 28

Lower than corresponding carboxylic acids due to the absence of hydrogen bonding between ester molecules

Answer 28

Esters

Question 29

Higher than esters but lower than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight due to their polar nature

Answer 29

Acyl chloride

Question 30

Often have a sharp, acrid smell

Answer 30

Acid anhydride

Question 31

Generally odorless or have a faint smell

Answer 31

Amides

Question 32

Soluble in organic solvents less soluble in water compared to carboxylic acids

Answer 32

Acid anhydrites

Question 33

Soluble in water, especially primary and secondary amides due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds

Answer 33

Amides

Question 34

Higher than esters but lower than carboxylic acids

Answer 34

Acid anhydride

Question 35

Higher boiling points compared to esters and acid chloride because tehy they can engage in strong hydrogen bonding

Answer 35

Amides

Question 36

Are less reactive than acyl chloride but can undergo hydrolysis in acidic or basic conditions to yield carboxylic acids and alcohols

Answer 36

Esters

Question 37

Acyl chloride are highly reactive due to the presence of a good leaving group (CI) readily reacting with water, alcohols and amines to produce carboxylic acids, esters, and amides respectively

Answer 37

Acyl chloride

Question 38

Undergo nucleophilic substitution but slowly than acyl chloride

Answer 38

Esters

Question 39

They undergo rapid nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction

Answer 39

Acyl chloride

Question 40

React with water to form carboxylic acids and can also react with alcohols and amines to form esters and amides

Answer 40

Acid anhydrides

Question 41

Less reactive than esters and acid chloride and requirer Harsher conditions for hydrolysis

Answer 41

Amides

Question 42

They can undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution but at a slower rate compared to esters and acyl chloride

Answer 42

Amides

Question 43

Are important for synthesizing esters. They are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing such as the production of aspirin through a reaction with salicylic acid

Answer 43

Acid anhydride

Question 44

Integral to drug formulation; amoxicillin an antibiotic, contains an amide group in its structure

Answer 44

Amides

Question 45

Key components in the production of polyamides like nylon, which is extensively used in the textiles and plastics

Answer 45

Amides