FINALS GROUP 1 Flashcards
Are simple hydrocarbons with single bonds
Alkanes
Rapid chemical combination of a substance with oxygen, involving the production of heat and light
Combustion
A reaction in which ATOMS are REMOVED as molecules or Compounds
Elimination
It is made up of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbon
They are colourless gases that have very weak odours.
They are highly COMBUSTIBLE and the MAIN ENERGY source of the world
Hydrocarbon
What is the carbon that has Simple hydrocarbons with ___ bonds and have the formula ___
Saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes)
Single
CnH2n+2
Saturated hydrocarbons are saturated with ___ and form the basis of _____
Hydrogen
Petroleum fuels
Alkanes can be ___ (normal alkanes) or branched, and are named based on the number of carbon atoms, with___ being the smallest alkane
Linear
Methane
____ hydrocarbons contain ___ or ___
UNSATURATED CARBON
Double/ triple bond
Alkenes with double bonds, have the formula ____, while alkynes, with triple bonds have the formula ___.
CnH2n
CnH2n-2
The smallest alkene is the ___ and the smallest alkyne is ___, also known as acetylene and both contain two carbon atoms
Ethene
Ethyne
__ Are hydrocarbons containing __ or __ rings to which hydrogen atoms are attached
Cycloalkane
One/ more carbon
The general formula for saturated hydrocarbon containing one ring is ___
CnH2nCnH2n
Are hydrocarbons that have atleast one aromatic ring
Aromatic hydrocarbons/ ARENES
___ is composed of six C atoms in a ring, with alternating single and double C-C bonds
Benzene
Catenation is also known as ___
Self-bonding
It is the ability of hydrocarbons to bond to themselves.
It prevents the complete saturation of the hydrocarbons by the formation of double/ triple bonds
Catenation
A process in which heavy organic molecules are broken down into lighter molecules
Cracking of hydrocarbons
Are used to speed up the reaction
Catalyst
Alkanes with 10 carbon atoms or FEWER are generally ___ at a room temperature
Gases
Alkanes with ___ 10 carbons atoms can be GASES OR LIQUIDS
More than
The boiling point of alkanes ___ with molecular mass and ____ with branching
Increases
Decreases
HYDROCARBONS are very freebly soluble in ___
They are soluble in ___ solvents such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride
Water
Non-polar
Hydrocarbons undergo ___ reactions with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy
Combustion
___ are the LEAST reactive hydrocarbons due to their strong single sigma bonds
___ are more reactive due to the presence of double and triple bonds
Alkanes
Alkenes and alkynes
___ hydrocarbons, such as benzene, undergo ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION reaction
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Alkane cane be prepared from alkene and alkyne through the process of ___
Hydrogenation
It’s a process where hydrogen gas (H2) is passed over a metal surfaces such as a nickel (Ni) or Platinum (Pt) along with the alkenes to produce an alkane
Hydrogenation
The process of removing Carbon dioxide producing alkane with a carbon atom lesser than the present in the carboxylic acide
Decarboxylation
Also called ____ reaction. The elimination of a water molecule mostly from compounds like alcohol
Dehydration
Beta elimination
The removal of hydrogen atom and halogen atom
Dehydrohalogenation
Vicinal halides which are alkane molecules containing two halogen atoms on adjacent carbons atoms can be derived from ___
Dehalogenation
Alkenes are made to react with halogen. Hydrogen is eliminated along with a halogen to obtain an alkyne
Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
___ is made to react with water to produce an alkyne
Calcium carbide
Hydrocarbons are widely used in ( 4)
Fuels
Manufacturing polymers
Manufacturing drugs and dyes
Lubricating oil and grease
