FINALS GROUP 5 Flashcards
A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. It dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution
Ammonia
Any of a class of basic organic compounds derived from ammonia by replacement of hydrogen with one or more monovalent hydrocarbon radicals
Amines
Any organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom
Amides
A nonmetallic chemical elements with atomic number 7 that under standard conditions is a colorless, odorless, inert gas, that constitutes 78 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere
Nitrogen
The smallest part of a substance that cannot be broken down chemically
Atomic
Nitrogen came from the greek word ___ (latin) and ___ (greek) which means
Genes (greek) means
Nitrum
Nitron
Native soda
Forming
5th abundant element in the universe
Makes up 78% of earths atmosphere (approx. 4,000 trillion tons)
Nitrogen
Obtained through fractional distillation from liquefied air
Nitrogen
Cannot support living forms and combustion on its own
Nitrogen
Amines contain ___
Carbon hydrogen bonds
Larger amines are ___ while methylamine and ethylamine are ___ at room temperature
Liquids
Gases
___ amines are water soluble and ___ one are not so soluble
Smaller
Larger
Amines are found or used in ___, ___ and common ___
Dyes
Drugs
Animal toxins
Amines generally have a __ or __ as it is mostly formed during breakdown of animal cell proteins
Bad
Pungent odor
___ is an inorganic nitrogen containing chemical compound.
Ammonia
Ammonia gas which is toxic can be dissolved in water to form ___ that is commonly used in household and industrial cleaning products
Aqueous ammonia
Good smelling Amines are generally ___ some are potent ___ like ___
Toxic
Carcinogens
B-naphthylamine
The structure of ___ is organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom
Amides
One alkyl or aryl group attached to nitrogen (E.g. ethanamide)
Primary amides
Two alkyl or aryl groups attached to nitrogen
(E.g., N-methyl ethanamide)
Secondary amides
Three groups attached to nitrogen (N,N-dimethylrthanamide)
Tertiary amides
PROPERTIES OF AMIDES
1. water soluble due to hydrogen bonding
- Less water-soluble; tend to be solid at room temperature
- Have a NEUTRAL ODOR, unlike amines - More stable than amines; they resist hydrolysis better under normal conditions
Smaller amides
Larger amides
Stability
EXAMPLES
- (CH3CONH2) used as a solvent, in plasticizer and in the synthesis of organic compounds
- (HCONH2) Used in the preparation of adhesives and as a solvent for chemical reactions
- ((DMF) A widely used solvent in organic chemistry, especially in polymerization Processes
Acetamide
Formamide
N,N-Dimethylformamide
___ in proteins are amides, linking amino acids together
- Used in drugs formulations, as solvents and in the synthesis of medicine
Peptide bonds
A synthetic polymer, contains amide bonds in its structure
- used in some pesticide formulations
Nylon
Organic compounds containing a ring structure with at least one atom other than carbon (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur)
Heterocyclic compounds
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
These compounds have a ring with alternating double bonds (aromaticity) and contain heteroatoms
Aromatic heterocycles
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(C5H5N) Nitrogen containing ring, used in herbicides, insecticide and as a solvent
Pyridine
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(C4H40) oxygen containing ring, used in the synthesis of drugs and in the production of plastics
Furan
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(C3H3NS) contains both sulfur and nitrogen; found in some vitamins and medications
Thiazole
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
These compounds do not have aromaticity but contain heteroatoms in their ring structure
Non-aromatic heterocycles
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC
COMPOUNDS
(C5H11N) A nitrogen-containing compound found in alkaloids; used in the production of pesticides and pharmaceuticals
Piperidine
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(C4H80) oxygen containing compound used as a solvent in chemical reactions
Tetrahydrofuran
TYPES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(C4H9N0) Nitrogen and oxygen containing used in chemical industries and as a solvent
Morpholine
PROPERTIES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Often have distinctive, often pleasant odors and are stable under various condition
Aromatic heterocycles
PROPERTIES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Typically more reactive than aromatic ones and may participate in a wide range of chemical reactions
Non-aromatic heterocycles
PROPERTIES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Many heterocycles are soluble in water and organic solvent, which makes them versatile in both biological industrial application
Solubility
Heterocyclic compounds like ___ and ___ are used in herbicides and insecticide
Pyridine
Thiazole
Some heterocycles (Indole and pyrrole) are used in the production of ___ and ___
Dyes
Pigment
Vitamins, hormones and other biologically significant molecules often contain _____ (Vitamin b12, nicotine)
Heterocyclic structure
