Lecture 1 Flashcards
what are purines
Two rings, Adenine and Guanine
what are pyrimidines
One ring, Cytocine, Thymine, and Uracil.
Differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is ds and uses Thymine, RNA is ss and uses Uracil.
What are the ways dsDNA can differ?
Sequence and length
What direction is DNA written
5’ 3’
Autosomes are
Non sex chromosomes, dipoid, 2 copies per cell
What is a genotype (also called a profile)
set of alleles observed in an individual; based on sm fraction of loci present in sample, bc most loci are monomorphic
What is a polymorphic locus?
large allele # (more than 2 possibilities) and even distribution;
high heterozygosity
What makes a forensically useful locus
highly polymorphic, easy and cheap 2 categorize, easy 2 compare, not under selection, low mutation, low mutation rate
What is a locus?
Where a gene is on a chromosome
What is ploidy?
Number of complete sets of chromosomes found in a nuc
Introns v exons
intron: noncoding
exon: used in protein synthesis
What is transcription?
process of DNA -> mRNA
What is translation?
mRNA -> AA -> Protien
