Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define immunology.
The study of the many main mechanisms the body uses to defend itself against.
What are 3 types of barriers that the human body have to protect itself from microbes and an example.
Mechanical (skin), chemical (pH), Biologic
What is the body’s first line of defense?
The innate immune system.
What is the body’s second line of defense?
The adaptive immune system.
What are lysozymes? And where can it be found?
An enzyme that catalyzes the destruction of the cell walls of certain bacteria; tears and saliva
The mechanisms mediated by immune cells can be correspondingly divided into _______ and _________, where they are further composed of ________ and _______.
innate; adaptive; cellular; humoral
What do macrophages do? Which immune system do they belong to?
They are the first one to signal that there are injuries (1st line of defense against foreign antigens); innate immune system
Define humoral components.
Free serum or body fluids.
What are the protective barriers of the body? (4)
Respiratory tract, skin, urogenital tract, gastrointestinal tract
Give examples of the respiratory tract barrier.
Nose hairs, mucous, cilia, microcidal molecules
Give examples of the gastrointestinal tract barrier.
pH, mucus, enzymes, microcidal molecules, commensal microbes
Give examples of the urogenital tract barrier (5).
pH, mucus, enzymes, microcidal molecules, fluid pressure
Gives examples of the skin barrier (5)
RNases/DNases, microcidal molecules, fatty acids, commensal microbes, keratinized epithelium
Which immune system is slower? Which is specific? (B/w innate and adaptive)
Adaptive is slower and specific while innate is faster and non-specific.
What does “slower” mean b/w the adaptive and innate immune system?
It has memory, and that it attacks a certain target like a virus.
