lect 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

a population ecologically

A

A group of individuals of the same species living within
a restricted geographical area any 2 can interbreed

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2
Q

a population Genetically

A

A group of individuals who share a common gene pool
and have the potential to interbreed.

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3
Q

population genetics is the study of..and

A

application of Mendel’s laws and other principles to entire
populations
changes in gene
frequencies

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4
Q

examining a population

A

phenotype variation/genotype variation

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5
Q

population genetics in culture vs science

A

culture : composition and evolutionary forces

science: inheritance and prevalence of genes using stats

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6
Q

Population genetics examines

A

adaptation, speciation, population subdivision,
and population structure

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7
Q

processes of evolution

A

Natural selection/gene flow/mutations

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8
Q

Phenotypic differences can be..

A

quantitative or qualitative

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9
Q

some genotypes can have

A

different phenotypes due to environment impact

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10
Q

natural populations are…
the more closely related the

A

phenotypically diverse
less variability

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11
Q

low variability disadvantage

A

extinction when environmental conditions change

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12
Q

Population genetics deals with …especially
where it is due to differences in..of
individuals.

A

phenotypic diversity,
the genotypic composition

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13
Q

allele freq
evolution

A

rate of allele occuring at a particular locus, high is common allele , low is rare allele
change in allele freq

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14
Q

Forces Affecting Change in Allele Frequency

A

1.Natural Selection
2. Mutation:
3. Gene Flow:
4. Genetic Drift:
5. Genetic Bottleneck:
6. Sexual Selection:

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15
Q

Natural Selection:
2. Mutation:
3. Gene Flow:

A

favors alleles offering fitness advantages.

introduces new alleles through “mistakes” in DNA copying.

introduces new alleles through dispersal (immigration).

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16
Q

Genetic Drift:
5. Genetic Bottleneck: .
6. Sexual Selection:

A

random change in allele frequency (e.g., demographic
isolation).

decreased diversity through culling/decline (e.g., flood)

favoring more “attractive” alleles (e.g., body shape).

17
Q

Genes include

A

transcribed section and a regulatory
element

18
Q

how mendel defined his laws

A

by observing the
segregation of variants in the progeny of crosses and observing the genes being expressed

19
Q

dominant and codominant

A

recessive allele not
expressed in an heterozygous individual.

intermediate in the heterozygote

20
Q

‘GENE’ is
genotype is

A

physical entity that is
transmitted from parents to offspring

sum of all genes

21
Q

impossible for two individuals in a
population to have the same genotype at all loci except…

A

identical twins

22
Q

molecular technologies reveal

A

polymorphisms

23
Q

What is Polymorphism

A

co-existence of two or more alternative phenotypes caused by alternative alleles of one gene.

24
Q

polymorphism molecularly

A

co-existence of alternative banding
patterns or DNA variants

25
Q

phenotypic trait is said to be polymorphic if,,,

A

more than one form of the
gene or trait exists in a population.

26
Q

local interbreeding units are usually called …..

A

local populations,
sub-populations or simply populations.

27
Q

members of a species are..
Subdivision of populations are often due to ……
population size is not ..

A

unevenly distributed
accidents
infinitely large nor constant