lect 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene flow

A

is the passage and establishment of genes typical of one population in
the genepool of another

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2
Q

how gene flow?

A

natural or artificial hybridization and backcrossing

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3
Q

levels of population

A

Individual organisms.
 Subpopulations.
 Total population.

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4
Q

sub populations can have different…..depending on…

A

genetic links
degree of gene flow

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5
Q

why is there subpopulations?

A

ecological factors
behavioural

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6
Q

structure of population affects

A

extent of genetic variation and its
patterns of distribution.

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7
Q

structured population if

A

genetic drift is occurring migration does not happen uniformly
mating is not random

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8
Q

allele freq

A

quantifying variation
how common an allele is
allelic differences at 1 locus

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9
Q

This genetic variation needs to be quantified for different … and for different
……..

A

genes
individuals/populations

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10
Q

calculating allele freq

A

no. of desired allele/all alleles
homo+half hetero

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10
Q

sample should be….or the results are just..

A

100+
estimates

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11
Q

genotype freq

A

freq of a certain genotype in a population

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12
Q

relation between allele freq and genotype freq determined by

A

breeding system type

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13
Q

natural breeding system
random mating has..
genotype freq is used to..

A

freq with alt geneotypes
expected genotypes patterns
estimate self pollination

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14
Q

hardy weinberg rules

A

NO natural selection
NO mutations
NO sexual selection
NO migration
Infinite population size

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14
Q

equations

A

p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1 (expected genotypic freq)

15
Q

hardy weinberg concept

A

randomly mating populations have constant allelic and genotypic freq from one generation to the other

16
Q

Random mating vs non random

A

outbreeding/inbreeding and asexual

17
Q

random mating retains large no of….while non random allows…

A

deleterious reccessive hidden alleles
reccessive alleles to be visible

18
Q

in breeding/non random is

A

when closely related organisms mate more frequently than due to chance

19
Q

recessive increase in..but no change in..

A

inbreeding/non random mating
allele freq

20
Q

mating classification

A

+ve > similar phenotypes
-ve> unsimilar phenotypes
inbreeding>relatives

21
Q

homozygousity increases in

A

non random mating

22
Q

selfing after generations (homozygous)

A

0-50-75-87.5
93-96-98-99-99.6

23
Q

heterozygoutes in cross pollinators have..

A

favourable effect

24
Q

asexual reproduction leads to…can be combined with sexual for..

A

no genetic diversity
new variation

25
Q

genetic diversity forces

A

mutation
migration
recombination
genetic drift
selection

26
Q

mutation

A

errors in replication/radiation spontaneous are low
diversity increases with low rate alone can not cause evolution

27
Q

migration

A

movement of individuals , introduction of new genes
increases diversity with significant rate

27
Q

change in gene freq is prop to..

A

the difference in
frequency between the recipient population and the average of the
donor populations.

28
Q

recombination

A

cell generates new chromsomal combinations
new combinations but same diversity
genetic variance if alleles are at different loci is quick

29
Q

selection

A

superior genotypes survive and increase in freq

30
Q

drift

A

fluctuations in allele freq by chance due to random sampling
decreases diversity as rare alleles are lost
random, no pattern