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MT 6324 > [LEC] UNIT 1.2 LIVER FUNCTION > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 1.2 LIVER FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

Index used for the direct measurement of natural color

A

Icterus Index (1919)

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2
Q

Prepare using Muelengracht Method

A

Dilute serum with NSS and compare with 0.01% K2Cr2O7

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3
Q

What is used in the Newberger Method?

A

Sodium Citrate

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4
Q

Interferences in Icterus Index

A

carotene
xantophyll ii
hemoglobin

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5
Q

Classic Diazo Reaction detects bilirubin in ______

A

urine

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6
Q

Components of DSA

A

Sodium Nitrite
Sulfanilic Acid

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7
Q

Meaning of DSA

A

Diazotized Sulfanilic Acid

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8
Q

Specimen used by Ehrlich in 1883

A

Urine

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9
Q

Product observed by Ehrlich in 1883

A

Colored complex

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10
Q

Bilirubin + DSA + Accelerator

A

Total Azobilirubin

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11
Q

Accelerator in Evelyn-Malloy

A

50% Methanol

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12
Q

Buffer in Evelyn-Malloy

A

Sodium acetate

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13
Q

Stop reagent in Evelyn-Malloy

A

Ascorbic acid

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14
Q

T or F: Accelerator solubilizes indirect bilirubin

A

T

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15
Q

Realized that serum can be used in bilirubin testing

A

Van Den Bergh

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16
Q

Accelerator in Jendrassik & Grof

A

Caffeine Sodium Benzoate

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17
Q

T or F: Unconjugated bilirubin is directly measured in the laboratory

A

F

computed or calculated

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18
Q

End color of ME and JG, respectively

A

Pink, Blue

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19
Q

Advantages of JG over ME

A

-Insensitive to sample pH changes
-Insensitive to a 50-fold variation in protein conc
-Adequate optical sensitivity even for low bili conc
-Minimal turbidity
-Not affected by hemoglobin up to 750mg/dL

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20
Q

Specimen for bili measurement

A

fasting, non-hemolyzed, non-lipemic

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21
Q

Sources of errors in bili measurement

A

lipochrome
hemolysis
lipemia
exposure to light

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22
Q

B1 (0.2-0.8 mg/dL) is increased in

A

Obstructive Jaundice

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23
Q

B2 (0-0.2 mg/dL) is increased in

A

Obstructive jaundice

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24
Q

B1 and B2 (0.2-1.0) are increased

A

Hepatocellular Jaundice

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25
Q

Reagents in Ehrlich’s method

A

Ehrlich’s reagent
Ascorbic Acid (buffer)
Sodium acetate (stop reagent)

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26
Q

Molecular composition for Ehrlich’s reagent

A

para-dimethyl aminobenzaldehyde

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27
Q

Color of the product of Ehrlich’s method

A

Red

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28
Q

Specimen for Ehrlich’s Method

A

2 hr fresh urine

29
Q

Urine urobilinogen reference range

A

0.1-0.1 Ehrlich units/2hrs
0.5-4.0 Ehrlich units/day (0.868 mmol/day)

30
Q

1 Ehrlich unit =

A

1 mg of Urobilinogen

31
Q

Color and type of jaundice in increased UBG

A

Pink ; Hemolytic

32
Q

Color and type of jaundice in decreased UBG

A

No pink/red color ; Obstructive or Hepatocellular

33
Q

Measures fecal urobilinogen

A

Watsons’ Reaction/ Ehrlich’s Aldehyde

34
Q

In Watsons’ Reaction/ Ehrlich’s Aldehyde, what reduces urobilin to urobilinogen?

A

Ferrous Hydroxide Fe(OH)2

35
Q

Reference values of fecal urobilinogen

A

75-275 Ehrlich’s unit/100 g or
75-400 Ehrlich units/24 hours

36
Q

Increased Urobilinogen

A

Hemolytic disease
Defective liver cell fxn (hepatitis)

37
Q

Absence of Urobilinogen

A

Biliary obstruction
Hepatocellular disease

38
Q

Tets for bile salt

39
Q

What is used in Hay test?

A

Sulfur powder to 5ml of urine

40
Q

T or F: If sulfur powder floats at the top in Hay test, it means that bile salts are present

A

F

lutang kaya absent

41
Q

Test for synthetic fxn

A

TP
Alb
A-globulin
PT
Other clotting factor tests
Vit K response
Special protein det

42
Q

Test for excretory fxn

A

Bromsulphalein test
Rose Bengal test

43
Q

the excretion of foreign dyes in bromsulphalein test measure the

A

% retention in serum sample

44
Q

2 method in Bromsulphalein test

A

Rosenthal color (5 then 30)
Mc Donald (40)

45
Q

Rose Bengal Test uses

A

tagged I131 (Iodine)

46
Q

Measures the radioactivity of the dye

A

Rose Bengal Test

47
Q

Tests for urine bilirubin

A

Foam test
Urine color inspection
Fouchet’s test / Harrison spot test
Diazotization test

48
Q

Positive result of foam test

A

yellow foam

49
Q

Orange-colored urine is observed in Vitamin ___ intake

50
Q

Precipitates bilirubin in ruine in Fouchet’s test

A

BaCl2 (barium chloride)

51
Q

Other name for Fouchet’s Test

A

Harrison Spot Test

52
Q

Fouchet’s Reagent

A

Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)

53
Q

Ppt + FeCl3 in TCA =

A

Green ppt (+)

54
Q

2 types of Diazotization test

A

Tablet test/Ictotest
Strip test

55
Q

Detoxification fxn test

A

Quick’s Test or Hippuric Acid Test

56
Q

In Quick’s Test or Hippuric Acid Test, px is given a _______ _______ meal

A

sodium benzoate

57
Q

In normal people, _____ of the Benzoate is excreted as Hippuric Acid within __________

A

40%
60 minutes

58
Q

Enzymes that are elevated in Biliary obstruction

A

ALP and GGT

59
Q

Enzyme associated with canaliculi and sinusoids of the
liver

A

5’-nucleotidase

60
Q

An enzyme found in various tissues throughout the
body, with particularly high concentrations in the
liver, bones and bile duct. It catalyzes the hydrolysis
of phosphate groups from various substrates under
alkaline conditions

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

61
Q

An enzyme found in various tissues, with high
concentrations in the liver and bile ducts. GGT
catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl groups
from molecules such as glutathione to amino acids
and peptides.

A

Gamma Glutamyl Transferase

62
Q

T or F: TP A/G assesses carbohydrate metabolism

A

F

Protein metabolism

63
Q

T or F: Only bilirubin is elevated in biliary obstruction

A

T

kasi post-liver na

64
Q

This enzyme is very high in fulminant failure

65
Q

T or F: AST is normally less than ALT

66
Q

Ref value of ammonia

A

11-35 umol/L

67
Q

Ref value of AST

68
Q

Ref value of ALT

MT 6324 (7 decks)

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