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MT 6324 > [LEC] UNIT 1 LIVER FUNCTION > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 1 LIVER FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: The left lobe is 6x larger than the right lobe

A

F

The right lobe is 6x larger than the left

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2
Q

What is the liver’s weight in kg?

A

1.2-1.5 kg

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3
Q

What is the color of the liver?

A

reddish-brown

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4
Q

Structure that divides the left and right lobes of the liver

A

Falciform ligament

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5
Q

Bile storage for the degradation of fats

A

Gallbladder

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6
Q

T or F: The liver is a highly vascular organ

A

T

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7
Q

The liver supplies ___ L or _____ mL of blood per minute

A

1.5 L or 1500 mL

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8
Q

The Portal Triad

A

HaPvBd

Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein
Bile Duct

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9
Q

Major blood vessels of the liver

A

Hepatic Artery
Portal Vein

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10
Q

Blood vessel that carries deoxygenated and nutrient-rich blood

A

Portal Vein

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11
Q

Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood

A

Hepatic Artery

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12
Q

Vascular spaces within the liver

A

Sinusoids

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13
Q

Functional units responsible for all metabolic and excretory functions performed by the liver

A

Lobules

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14
Q

Each lobule is roughly a ___-sided structure

A

six

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15
Q

Each lobule has a _____ _____ at the center and _____ ______ at each corner

A

central vein ; portal triad

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16
Q

Liver cells

A

Hepatocytes
Kupffer cells

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17
Q

System responsible for metabolic reactions and macromolecular synthesis

A

Hepatocyte system

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18
Q

System responsible for metabolism of bilirubin and bile salts

A

Biliary system

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19
Q

System responsible for immunity and production of heme and globin metabolites

A

Reticuloendothelial system

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20
Q

T or F: The liver performs the key roles in body energy metabolism

A

T

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21
Q

Breakdown of glucose to ATP is called _______, and it occurs in _______

A

Glycolysis ; all cells (not just the liver)

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22
Q

T or F: The liver plays a crucial role in
synthesizing various proteins essential for blood clotting and immune system function.

A

T

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23
Q

4 Major Functions of the Liver

A

MEDS

Metabolism
Excretion/Secretion
Detoxification
Storage

24
Q

The liver metabolizes many biological compounds including

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins

25
Q

Liver function tests performed to assess protein content

A

Total Protein
Albumin
A/G

26
Q

Major protein synthesized and secreted by the liver

27
Q

T or F: The liver is a gatekeeper between substances absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and those released into the systemic circulation.

28
Q

Every substance absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract must pass through the liver before reaching the rest of the body. This phenomenon is termed as ______ _____.

A

First pass

29
Q

2 methods of detoxification

A

Inactivation
Modification

30
Q

Alcohol becomes an aldehyde, which then turns into acetic acids to be able to be excreted. This method of detoxification is under: modification or inactivation?

A

Modification

31
Q

T or F: Paracetamol is an over-the-counter drug because it does not have harmful effects on the liver

A

F

It is OTC because the liver can modify excess Paracetamol.

32
Q

NH3 is converted to _____ by the liver

33
Q

The liver acts as the storage of

A

GLAV

Glycogen
Lipids
Amino acids and proteins
Vitamins

34
Q

The excretory system’s pathway in order

A

Bile canaliculi
Intrahepatic ducts
R&L Hepatic ducts
Cystic duct (and common hepatic duct)
Common bile duct

35
Q

The common bile duct connect to which part of the small intestine?

36
Q

T or F: Only exogenous substances are excreted by the liver into the bile or urine.

A

F

both endogenous and exogenous substances

37
Q

T or F: The liver is the only organ that has the capacity to rid the body of heme waste products.

38
Q

____ L of bile is produced per day

39
Q

____ L of bile is excreted per day

40
Q

Bilirubin

A

Principal pigment in bile

41
Q

T or F: Bilirubin is derived from iron-containing heme such as RBCs and proteins

42
Q

T or F: Although the liver has the ability to regenerate new cells when damaged, the effects of cirrhosis are irreversible.

43
Q

Precursor of bile acids

A

Cholesterol

44
Q

T or F: Bacteria in the liver dehydrate bile salts into secondary bile acids

A

F

in the colon

45
Q

Principal pigment in bile

46
Q

Bilirubin is derived from

A

80% RBCs
20% Proteins (Myoglobin, Catalase, Cytochrome)

47
Q

Heme, when broken down, releases _______ and __________

A

Porphyrin and Iron

48
Q

______ goes back to the amino acid pool

49
Q

Porphyrin is acted upon by this enzyme to form Biliverdin

A

Heme oxygenase

50
Q

Biliverdin is acted upon by this enzyme to form unconjugated bilirubin

A

Biliverdin reductase

51
Q

Binds to B1 until it reaches the liver

52
Q

B2 enters the bile canaliculi and exits through a __________________

A

Common Bile Duct

53
Q

T or F: B1 is insoluble in water and alcohol

A

F

Water only

54
Q

Proteins that come with ligandin

A

protein Y and Z

55
Q

Gives color to the stool

A

Stercolobilin

56
Q

T or F: Only the liver can rid the body of heme and waste products

57
Q

Where does the ligandin bring B1?

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

MT 6324 (7 decks)

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