1. Tooth sleuth (can detect ind cusps), 2. Transilumination

Lec Endodontic Materials 1 Flashcards by Tedman McMahon

Steps to endo:

diagnose, isolate, irrigate, shape, obturate, temporize

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EPT testing:

electrical pulp testing

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Can we use hot or cold to test for pulp vitality:

either

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List the 3 main diagnostic methods for teeth requiring RCT:

EPT, Thermal, Fracture Detection

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Do all fractured teeth require RCT?

ask

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Additional material required for EPT:

toothpaste (contact medium)

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Scale for EPT:

1-80

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TF? The rate on the EPT machine can be altered.

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Why do we want the pt to hold the EPT handle while pulp testing?

ask

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Compound used for pulp testing:

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoethane

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Temp of Endo Ice:

-26.2’ C (-79-16’ F)

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Heat Testing:

Gutta percha stopping, white stick, firmer than GP points, Use on Glick #1, Lubricate tooth w vaseline

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Crack detection:

Tooth sleuth (can detect ind cusps), 2. Transilumination

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Instrument for transilumination crack detection:

Fiberoptic Wand, high speed light

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How to detect fractures:

Perio probe, RG

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Drawback to RG fracture detection:

rarely definitive, vertical fracture rarely seen

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What can be determined w RG in fracture detection?

pattern of bone loss (ask?)

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Latex Rubber dams:

medium gauge, light color, visualize film

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Non-latex dental dams:

allergies, color varies

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What do we use in conjunction w rubber dams in clinic?

rubber dam napkins (Ora-shield)

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Type of clamp that hold rubber dams down:

winged clamps

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Winged clamps to use for anteriors:

1, #6, #9

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Winged clamps to use for premolars:

0, #00

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Winged clamps to use for molars:

3, #4, #56

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Materials to prevent leakage around the rubber dam (RD):

Oraseal Putty (self curing caulking agent), Kool dam (light cured rubbery-resin)

Placing the clamp on other teeth allows for:

distribution of tension of RD, stability

Brand name of RD stabilizing cord:

Wedjets

plastic RD frames, RGO or RGL:

RGL

Should the plastic RD frame be removed for RGs?

How to take RG's with plastic frame in place:

w hemostat (does the pt hold the hemostat in place? ask?)

Irrigation materials:

syringe, needle, suction, solutions, lubricants, activators

Needles used for irrigation:

small (25 gauge), no bevel, side vented, disposable, irrigant delivered laterally, reducing the risk of apical extrusion

Syringes used for irrigation:

disposable, 5ml, Luer-lok

ideal props of irrigant solution:

tissue/debris solvent, non-toxic, low surface tension, lubricant, antibacterial, removes smear layer

Sodium hypochlorite:

antimicrobial, lubricant, tissue dissolving, inexpensive, use 1/2 strength

Sodium hypochlorite will dissolve tissue at the temp and duration:

50' C, 20m

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine Tetra Acetic Acid: chelates-self-limiting, removes smear layer, no action in organic tissue, allows better adaptation of obturating material to canal walls

Chlorhexidine gluconate:

antimicrobial, substantive, non-toxic, no tissue destruction, discoloration

Function of lubricants:

red torsional forces on instruments, dec fracture

2 types of lubricants:

RC Prep, ProLube

RC Prep is made of:

EDTA, Urea Peroxide, water soluble base

ProLube is made of

EDTA, Carbamide Peroxide, Gel, Single-dose

instrument to instrument canals

EndoActivator

Explorer used for access:

#17

Use #17 explorer for this:

evaluate straight line access, locate the canal orifice

Is there an easy way to differentiate bw enso access instruments and obturation instruments? They all look the same to me now

Ask

Use the endospoon to:

remove the pulp

TF? The Glick #2 CAN NOT be heated.

F. Can heat

What to use the Glick #2 for:

Remove GP at canal orifice

Ingle's RG method 1957:

RG estimation of the WL 0.5mm short of the RG apex

Method to determine the apical limit in cleaning and shaping of canal:

ingle's RG method

Instrumentation and obturation should end here:

apical constriction

Location of apical constriction:

0.5mm short of apical foramen (on avg)

Range of distance of AC from AF:

0.2-1.25

TF? The apical foramen usually coincides with the anatomical foramen.

you can not see the apical foramen in these instances:

exits in a B or L direction

Brands of apex locators:

Root ZX, Root ZX II, Mini Root

First terminal: the lip clip should contact:

the oral tissue, contrary electrode

Second terminal:

tip of the file, when connected

EAL provides:

alternating currents (AC current) w different frequencies

This acts as an electric barrier:

dentin

Impedance:

dentin (electric barrier)

Fxn of the internal clip:

process the info and it can detect:

Green arrows on the apex locator indicate:

the apical constrition

APEX or pink line indicated:

Apical foramen

Why take RG w file in position after using EAL:

See root canal path, reference image of apical limit for future endo, permanent record, correct WL of file is more or less than 2mm from apex

Limitations of EAL's:

Immature apex, pts w implanted pacemakers, amalgam (electrical short cut, shunt current), bleeding/ pus - too much electrolyte in canal might interfere in EAL reading.

Shaping instruments:

slow speed, Manual SS, Rotary NiTi

Cutting portion of the GG's:

Side blades, tip is inactive

GG #2, #3, #4, sizes:

#70. #90, #110

Main fxn of the GG:

Get rid of ..... triangle