Dentin-Pulp Complex Flashcards
1
Q
3 germ layers of the gastrula:
A
Ecto, Meso, Endo derm
2
Q
3 components of the Ectoderm:
A
external ectoderm, neural crest (ectomesenchymal), neural tube
3
Q
Stages after zygote formation:
A
blastula –> gastrula
4
Q
Blastopore is first seen at this stage:
A
Gastrula
5
Q
Which germ layer is derived from pharyngeal arches?
A
all 3
6
Q
Gives rise to the dental organ:
A
ectoderm
7
Q
Dental organ gives rise to:
A
internal/ external dental epi, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium
8
Q
internal dental epi gives rise to:
A
ameloblast, enamel
9
Q
external dental epi gives rise to:
A
JE, primary epi attachment
10
Q
Gives rise to dental papilla and follicle:
A
ectomesenchyme
11
Q
Papilla gives rise to:
A
pulp
12
Q
pulp gives rise to:
A
odontoblasts –> dentin
13
Q
Follicle gives rise to:
A
periodontium (PDL, cementum, alveolar bone, part of gingiva
14
Q
Gives rise to dental lamina:
A
invagination of oral epi
15
Q
3 stages of odontogenesis:
A
Bud, Cap, Bell
16
Q
At which stage do we see histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation?
A
Bell stage
17
Q
Give rise to ameloblasts:
A
internal dental epi
18
Q
Signals ameloblasts to deposit enamel:
A
oodontoblasts
19
Q
Odontoblasts form from:
A
outer dental papilla
20
Q
Which is laid down first, dentin or enamel?
A
dentin
21
Q
Where do the inner and outer dental epi meet?
A
cevical loop
22
Q
What do the inner and outer dental epi combine to form?
A
HERS
23
Q
Signals differentiation of odontoblatsts, acts as template for root:
A
HERS
24
Q
What happens before HERS fragments?
A
hyaline layer forms
25
These differentiate into cementoblasts
cells of the dental follicle that migrate to the oot dentin
26
Remnants of the HERS become:
epi cells rests of Malassez
27
These create direct communication bw the pulp and periodontium:
lateral canals
28
What creates lateral canals?
HERS fragmentation before dentin deposition
29
What determines root length?
genetics
30
To where does the HERS extend apically?
to the genetically predetermined root length until only the apical foramen remains
31
When HERS extends to the genetically predetermined root length, where is the apical foramen?
at the anatomical apex
32
When does the foramen shift form the anatomical apex to a short distance coronal to the apex?
After tooth development
33
Layers to pulp structure:
odontoblast layer, cell-free zone (of Weil), cell rich zone, pulpal core
34
pulpal core is aka:
pulp proper
35
Structures found in the Cell-free zone (of Weil)
Caps, subontontoblastic Plexus of Raschkow
36
Structures found in Cell-rich zone:
fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
37
Components of pulp structure:
odontoblasts, fibroblasts, extracellular CT, nerves, vasculature, immune cells, lymphatics
38
Cell shape, odontoblasts:
pseudostratified columnar
39
Odontoblastic process secretes:
collagen, non-collagenous proteins
40
Type of collagen odontoblastic processes secrete:
Type I
41
2 non-collagenous proteins that odontoblastic processes secrete?
dentin sialoprotein, phosphophoryn
42
Dentin is composed of:
50% mineral, 30% type I collagen, 20% water
43
Most numerous cell in the pulp:
fibroblasts
44
Extracellular CT in the pulp, collagen types:
Type I, III, and V
45
Extracellular CT is made of:
collagen and GAG's
46
Fxn of GAG's:
attract water, form gel, shock absorber
47
3 GAG's:
Dermatin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, Hyaluronate
48
Predominate GAG in pulp:
dermatan sulfate
49
TF? Pulp structure has both autonomic and sensory nerves.
T
50
Sympathetic innervation to pulp is derived from this ganglion:
superior cervical
51
What controls blood flow to pulp?
sympathetic adrenergic nerves
52
What controls vasoconstriction in the pulp?
neuropeptide Y (NPY)
53
Types of sensory fibers in pulp:
A delta, A beta, C
54
A-delta fibers are found here:
periphery of the pulp, pulp-dentin complex
55
Least numerous sensory nerve fibers in pulp:
A beta
56
Predominate nerve type in pulp:
C fibers
57
C fibers are located here:
Centralized in pulp
58
% of nerve fibers that C fibers make up in the pulp;
87%
59
A-delta fibers, myleinated or unmyelinated?
myelinated
60
A-delta fibers, diameter:
2-5 um
61
A-delta fibers, conduction velocity:
6-30m/s
62
A-delta fibers, type of pain:
sharp, pricking pain
63
A-delta fibers, low or high threshold?
low
64
A-delta fibers, sensitive or insensitive to inflammatory mediators?
insensitive
65
C fibers, myleinated or unmyelinated?
unmyelinated
66
C fibers, conduction velocity
0.5-2m/s
67
C fibers, respond to this type of stimuli:
pulpal irritants
68
C fibers, type of pain:
Lingering, burning, aching, throbbing
69
C fibers, low or high threshold?
high
70
Neuropeptides released by C fibers:
CGRP, SP, NKA --> vasodilation)
71
C fibers, sensitive or insensitive to inflammatory mediators?
sensitive
72
Neuropeptides that can lead to vasodilation:
CGRP, SP, NKA
73
Largest BV's in the pulp:
Arteriloes, and Venules
74
Path of vasculature in pulp:
arterioles, metaarterioles, caps, Post-Cap Venules, Venules
75
Arterioles of the pulp are branches of one of these 3 arteries:
inferior alveolar, superoir posterior alveolar, infraorbital
76
TF? Newly differentiated ameloblasts immediately start laying down enamel.
F
77
These can lead to cyst formatin:
epi rest of malassez
78
What creates the disparity between the anatomical apex and actual apex?
cementum grows past anatomical foramen to actual apex
79
TF? Subondontoblastic Plexus fo Raschkow is a vascular pleuxs.
F. nerve
80
makes up the majority of the pulp:
pulpal core
81
Structures in layers below denitn and predentin:
pseudostratified columnar epithelium cells
clear zone layer
blood capillary
82
responsible for mineralization of dentin:
dentin sialoprotein, phosphophoryn (GAG's)
83
Is the odontoblast polarized?
yes
84
A-delta fibers are invovled in this type of sense and found here:
proprioception, mostly apical root
85
Which are wider, A-delta or C fibers:
A-delta
86
Fibers located at periphery of pulp:
A-delta
87
CGRP sf:
calcitonin gene related peptide,
88
SP sf:
substance P
89
NKA sf:
neurokinin A
90
Inferior alveolar artery supplies these teeth:
Mandibulars
91
Superior posterior alveolar artery supplies these teeth:
maxiallary posteriors
92
infraorbital artery supplies:
maxillary anteriors
93
Goals of Arteriovenous shunts, U-turn loops, cross-fence caps, venous-venous anastoamoses
regulate pulp blood flow/ pressure
94
Specialized structures of pulp:
Arteriovenous shunts, U-turn loops, cross-fence caps, venous-venous anastoamoses
95
Arteriovenous shunts bypass these vessels:
capilllary plexus
96
These result in direct communication bw arterials and venous system:
arteriovenous shunt
97
This shunt bypasses the capillary plexus:
arteriovenous shunt
98
Function of arteriovenous shunt
maintain normal pulpal pressure
99
1' fxns of pulp:
induction, formation (IF)
100
2' fxns of pulp:
nutrition, defense, sensory, esthetics (DENS)
101
TF? Dentin is flexible.
F
102
TF? Induction is interdependent.
T
103
This induces odontoblast differentiation:
enamel epi
104
These induce enamel formation:
odontoblasts and dentin
105
Fxns of odontoblasts in formation:
make and secrete inorganic matrix, transport inorganic parts, create env for mineralization
106
TF? 2' dentin forms faster than 1' dentin.
F. 1' forms faster
107
When does 2' dentin form:
after eruption, formation slow
108
Is the formation of 2' dentin fast or slow?
slow
109
2 types of 2' dentin:
reactionary, reparative (response to injury)
110
Reparative dentin is usually formed in response to:
caries, trauma, restorative procedures
111
What cells form dentin in response to injury?
odontoblasts
112
Dentin formed in defense:
3'
113
Cells that detect and respond to foreign antigens:
dendritic and macs
114
How are thermal, mechanical, chemiacal and electrical stimuli felt in the pulp?
as pain
115
Receptors not in the pulp:
thermo, proprio
116
The only "ceptor" type found in the pulp
nocioceptor (pain)
117
When is pain considered pain?
when it reaches subnucleus caudalis of cortex
118
Pain pwy
Tooth --> V2 or V3 --> Trigeminal ganglion
119
3 parts of sensory trigeminal nucleus:
Mesencephalic, chief sensory, and spinal trigeminal nuclei
120
Pain goes to this part of the brain:
subnucleus Caudalis
121
3 parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus:
subnucleus oralis ,interpolaris, and caudalis
122
What happens to 2nd order pain pwy neurons:
cross to contralateral sided, thalamus, then cortex
