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Endodontics > Dentin-Pulp Complex > Flashcards

Dentin-Pulp Complex Flashcards

1
Q

3 germ layers of the gastrula:

A

Ecto, Meso, Endo derm

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2
Q

3 components of the Ectoderm:

A

external ectoderm, neural crest (ectomesenchymal), neural tube

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3
Q

Stages after zygote formation:

A

blastula –> gastrula

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4
Q

Blastopore is first seen at this stage:

A

Gastrula

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5
Q

Which germ layer is derived from pharyngeal arches?

A

all 3

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6
Q

Gives rise to the dental organ:

A

ectoderm

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7
Q

Dental organ gives rise to:

A

internal/ external dental epi, stellate reticulum, stratum intermedium

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8
Q

internal dental epi gives rise to:

A

ameloblast, enamel

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9
Q

external dental epi gives rise to:

A

JE, primary epi attachment

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10
Q

Gives rise to dental papilla and follicle:

A

ectomesenchyme

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11
Q

Papilla gives rise to:

A

pulp

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12
Q

pulp gives rise to:

A

odontoblasts –> dentin

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13
Q

Follicle gives rise to:

A

periodontium (PDL, cementum, alveolar bone, part of gingiva

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14
Q

Gives rise to dental lamina:

A

invagination of oral epi

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15
Q

3 stages of odontogenesis:

A

Bud, Cap, Bell

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16
Q

At which stage do we see histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation?

A

Bell stage

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17
Q

Give rise to ameloblasts:

A

internal dental epi

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18
Q

Signals ameloblasts to deposit enamel:

A

oodontoblasts

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19
Q

Odontoblasts form from:

A

outer dental papilla

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20
Q

Which is laid down first, dentin or enamel?

A

dentin

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21
Q

Where do the inner and outer dental epi meet?

A

cevical loop

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22
Q

What do the inner and outer dental epi combine to form?

A

HERS

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23
Q

Signals differentiation of odontoblatsts, acts as template for root:

A

HERS

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24
Q

What happens before HERS fragments?

A

hyaline layer forms

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25
Q

These differentiate into cementoblasts

A

cells of the dental follicle that migrate to the oot dentin

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26
Q

Remnants of the HERS become:

A

epi cells rests of Malassez

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27
Q

These create direct communication bw the pulp and periodontium:

A

lateral canals

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28
Q

What creates lateral canals?

A

HERS fragmentation before dentin deposition

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29
Q

What determines root length?

A

genetics

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30
Q

To where does the HERS extend apically?

A

to the genetically predetermined root length until only the apical foramen remains

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31
Q

When HERS extends to the genetically predetermined root length, where is the apical foramen?

A

at the anatomical apex

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32
Q

When does the foramen shift form the anatomical apex to a short distance coronal to the apex?

A

After tooth development

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33
Q

Layers to pulp structure:

A

odontoblast layer, cell-free zone (of Weil), cell rich zone, pulpal core

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34
Q

pulpal core is aka:

A

pulp proper

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35
Q

Structures found in the Cell-free zone (of Weil)

A

Caps, subontontoblastic Plexus of Raschkow

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36
Q

Structures found in Cell-rich zone:

A

fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

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37
Q

Components of pulp structure:

A

odontoblasts, fibroblasts, extracellular CT, nerves, vasculature, immune cells, lymphatics

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38
Q

Cell shape, odontoblasts:

A

pseudostratified columnar

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39
Q

Odontoblastic process secretes:

A

collagen, non-collagenous proteins

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40
Q

Type of collagen odontoblastic processes secrete:

A

Type I

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41
Q

2 non-collagenous proteins that odontoblastic processes secrete?

A

dentin sialoprotein, phosphophoryn

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42
Q

Dentin is composed of:

A

50% mineral, 30% type I collagen, 20% water

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43
Q

Most numerous cell in the pulp:

A

fibroblasts

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44
Q

Extracellular CT in the pulp, collagen types:

A

Type I, III, and V

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45
Q

Extracellular CT is made of:

A

collagen and GAG’s

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46
Q

Fxn of GAG’s:

A

attract water, form gel, shock absorber

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47
Q

3 GAG’s:

A

Dermatin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, Hyaluronate

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48
Q

Predominate GAG in pulp:

A

dermatan sulfate

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49
Q

TF? Pulp structure has both autonomic and sensory nerves.

A

T

50
Q

Sympathetic innervation to pulp is derived from this ganglion:

A

superior cervical

51
Q

What controls blood flow to pulp?

A

sympathetic adrenergic nerves

52
Q

What controls vasoconstriction in the pulp?

A

neuropeptide Y (NPY)

53
Q

Types of sensory fibers in pulp:

A

A delta, A beta, C

54
Q

A-delta fibers are found here:

A

periphery of the pulp, pulp-dentin complex

55
Q

Least numerous sensory nerve fibers in pulp:

A

A beta

56
Q

Predominate nerve type in pulp:

A

C fibers

57
Q

C fibers are located here:

A

Centralized in pulp

58
Q

% of nerve fibers that C fibers make up in the pulp;

A

87%

59
Q

A-delta fibers, myleinated or unmyelinated?

A

myelinated

60
Q

A-delta fibers, diameter:

A

2-5 um

61
Q

A-delta fibers, conduction velocity:

A

6-30m/s

62
Q

A-delta fibers, type of pain:

A

sharp, pricking pain

63
Q

A-delta fibers, low or high threshold?

A

low

64
Q

A-delta fibers, sensitive or insensitive to inflammatory mediators?

A

insensitive

65
Q

C fibers, myleinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

66
Q

C fibers, conduction velocity

A

0.5-2m/s

67
Q

C fibers, respond to this type of stimuli:

A

pulpal irritants

68
Q

C fibers, type of pain:

A

Lingering, burning, aching, throbbing

69
Q

C fibers, low or high threshold?

A

high

70
Q

Neuropeptides released by C fibers:

A

CGRP, SP, NKA –> vasodilation)

71
Q

C fibers, sensitive or insensitive to inflammatory mediators?

A

sensitive

72
Q

Neuropeptides that can lead to vasodilation:

A

CGRP, SP, NKA

73
Q

Largest BV’s in the pulp:

A

Arteriloes, and Venules

74
Q

Path of vasculature in pulp:

A

arterioles, metaarterioles, caps, Post-Cap Venules, Venules

75
Q

Arterioles of the pulp are branches of one of these 3 arteries:

A

inferior alveolar, superoir posterior alveolar, infraorbital

76
Q

TF? Newly differentiated ameloblasts immediately start laying down enamel.

A

F

77
Q

These can lead to cyst formatin:

A

epi rest of malassez

78
Q

What creates the disparity between the anatomical apex and actual apex?

A

cementum grows past anatomical foramen to actual apex

79
Q

TF? Subondontoblastic Plexus fo Raschkow is a vascular pleuxs.

A

F. nerve

80
Q

makes up the majority of the pulp:

A

pulpal core

81
Q

Structures in layers below denitn and predentin:

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium cells
clear zone layer
blood capillary

82
Q

responsible for mineralization of dentin:

A

dentin sialoprotein, phosphophoryn (GAG’s)

83
Q

Is the odontoblast polarized?

A

yes

84
Q

A-delta fibers are invovled in this type of sense and found here:

A

proprioception, mostly apical root

85
Q

Which are wider, A-delta or C fibers:

A

A-delta

86
Q

Fibers located at periphery of pulp:

A

A-delta

87
Q

CGRP sf:

A

calcitonin gene related peptide,

88
Q

SP sf:

A

substance P

89
Q

NKA sf:

A

neurokinin A

90
Q

Inferior alveolar artery supplies these teeth:

A

Mandibulars

91
Q

Superior posterior alveolar artery supplies these teeth:

A

maxiallary posteriors

92
Q

infraorbital artery supplies:

A

maxillary anteriors

93
Q

Goals of Arteriovenous shunts, U-turn loops, cross-fence caps, venous-venous anastoamoses

A

regulate pulp blood flow/ pressure

94
Q

Specialized structures of pulp:

A

Arteriovenous shunts, U-turn loops, cross-fence caps, venous-venous anastoamoses

95
Q

Arteriovenous shunts bypass these vessels:

A

capilllary plexus

96
Q

These result in direct communication bw arterials and venous system:

A

arteriovenous shunt

97
Q

This shunt bypasses the capillary plexus:

A

arteriovenous shunt

98
Q

Function of arteriovenous shunt

A

maintain normal pulpal pressure

99
Q

1’ fxns of pulp:

A

induction, formation (IF)

100
Q

2’ fxns of pulp:

A

nutrition, defense, sensory, esthetics (DENS)

101
Q

TF? Dentin is flexible.

A

F

102
Q

TF? Induction is interdependent.

A

T

103
Q

This induces odontoblast differentiation:

A

enamel epi

104
Q

These induce enamel formation:

A

odontoblasts and dentin

105
Q

Fxns of odontoblasts in formation:

A

make and secrete inorganic matrix, transport inorganic parts, create env for mineralization

106
Q

TF? 2’ dentin forms faster than 1’ dentin.

A

F. 1’ forms faster

107
Q

When does 2’ dentin form:

A

after eruption, formation slow

108
Q

Is the formation of 2’ dentin fast or slow?

A

slow

109
Q

2 types of 2’ dentin:

A

reactionary, reparative (response to injury)

110
Q

Reparative dentin is usually formed in response to:

A

caries, trauma, restorative procedures

111
Q

What cells form dentin in response to injury?

A

odontoblasts

112
Q

Dentin formed in defense:

A

3’

113
Q

Cells that detect and respond to foreign antigens:

A

dendritic and macs

114
Q

How are thermal, mechanical, chemiacal and electrical stimuli felt in the pulp?

A

as pain

115
Q

Receptors not in the pulp:

A

thermo, proprio

116
Q

The only “ceptor” type found in the pulp

A

nocioceptor (pain)

117
Q

When is pain considered pain?

A

when it reaches subnucleus caudalis of cortex

118
Q

Pain pwy

A

Tooth –> V2 or V3 –> Trigeminal ganglion

119
Q

3 parts of sensory trigeminal nucleus:

A

Mesencephalic, chief sensory, and spinal trigeminal nuclei

120
Q

Pain goes to this part of the brain:

A

subnucleus Caudalis

121
Q

3 parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus:

A

subnucleus oralis ,interpolaris, and caudalis

122
Q

What happens to 2nd order pain pwy neurons:

A

cross to contralateral sided, thalamus, then cortex

Endodontics (22 decks)

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