LEC 7

Question 1

what are opportunistic pathogens

Answer 1

infect immunocomporomised

Question 2

what are primary pathogens

Answer 2

infect everyone

Question 3

what eukaryotic cells have cell wall

Answer 3

1. plant cells

2. fungal cells

Question 4

what makes up cell wall of fungal cells

Answer 4

1. chitin

2. ergosterol

Question 5

what is basic mech of anti-fungal drugs

Answer 5

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Question 6

what are 3 types of fungi

Answer 6

1. moulds
2. yeasts
3. dimorphic

Question 7

what are 2 forms of thermally dimorphic

Answer 7

1. mold

2. yeast

Question 8

MOLDS what is thallus

Answer 8

body of fungus

Question 9

MOLDS what are hyphae

Answer 9

filaments

Question 10

MOLDS what are 2 types of hyphae

Answer 10

1. coenocytic

2. septate

Question 11

MOLDS what are coenocytic hyphae

Answer 11

no separation bw cells in filaments

Question 12

MOLDS what are septate hyphae

Answer 12

separation bw cells in filaments

Question 13

YEAST what is shape of yeast

Answer 13

oval

Question 14

YEAST how do yeast reproduce

Answer 14

budding

Question 15

YEAST how do pseudo hyphae form

Answer 15

bud fails to detach

Question 16

YEAST what do candida albicans use as means of invading tissue

Answer 16

pseudo hyphae

Question 17

YEAST what is characteristic of sacchromyces

Answer 17

1. yeast

2. non pathogenic

Question 18

YEAST what are growth conditions of yeast

what are growth conditions of molds

Answer 18

• yeast ==> anaerobic + aerobic

- molds => aerobic

Question 19

DIMORPHIC when will dimorphic fungi grow as molds

Answer 19

low temps

Question 20

DIMORPHIC when will dimorphic fungi grow as yeasts

Answer 20

body temps

Question 21

DIMORPHIC how do dimorphic fungi cause infection

Answer 21

conidia in air

Question 22

DIMORPHIC what form releases conidia in air

Answer 22

molds

Question 23

DIMORPHIC what kind of fungi causes sporothrix

Answer 23

dimorphic

Question 24

DIMORPHIC how does dimorphic fungi cause sporothrix

Answer 24

introduced into wound after trauma

Question 25

DIMORPHIC what is lymphangitis

Answer 25

inflammation of walls of lymphatic vessels

Question 26

what are conidia important for

Answer 26

1. repro | 2. identification (under microscope)

Question 27

what is a fungal disease

Answer 27

mycosis

Question 28

what are fungal diseases

Answer 28

mycoses

Question 29

what are 3 types of mycoses

Answer 29

1. superficial 2. cutaneous 3. systemic

Question 30

SUPERFICIAL where are fungi in superficial

Answer 30

1. outer layer of skin | 2. hair shaft

Question 31

CUTANEOUS where are fungi in cutaneous

Answer 31

deeper layer of skin

Question 32

CUTANEOUS what are 2 types of cutaneous mycoses

Answer 32

1. athlete's foot | 2. ring worm

Question 33

CUTANEOUS what kind of fungi cause cutaneous mycoses

Answer 33

dermatophytes

Question 34

CUTANEOUS what are dermatophytes

Answer 34

use keratin as food source

Question 35

CUTANEOUS what is name of clinical diseases caused by dermatophytes

Answer 35

tinea

Question 36

SYSTEMIC where are systemic fungi

Answer 36

organs

Question 37

SYSTEMIC what kind of pathogens casue systemic mycoses

Answer 37

1. opportunistic | 2. primary

Question 38

what is antiseptic

Answer 38

disinfectant used on skin

Question 39

what is disinfectant

Answer 39

chemical used to kill many microorganisms

Question 40

what is aseptic

Answer 40

technique used to exclude micro organisms

Question 41

what is pasteurization

Answer 41

heat treatment

Question 42

what is sanitization

Answer 42

reducing num of micro organisms to lvl that meets public health standards

Question 43

what is sterilization

Answer 43

chemical that kills all microorganisms

Question 44

what is glutaraldehyde

Answer 44

1. bactericidal chemical | 2. sterilizing chemical

Question 45

what direction does air flow

Answer 45

pos pressure to neg pressure

Question 46

what is pos pressure room

Answer 46

air flows from inside to outside

Question 47

what kind of patient is put into pos pressure room

Answer 47

susceptible to infectious disease

Question 48

what is neg pressure room

Answer 48

air flows outside to inside

Question 49

what kind of patient is put into neg pressure room

Answer 49

causes infectious disease

Question 50

what are 2 means of sterilizing using heat

Answer 50

1. hot air | 2. autoclaving (moist heat)

Question 51

what means of sterilizing using heat needs to be tested

Answer 51

autoclaving

Question 52

how is autoclaving tested

Answer 52

spore test

Question 53

what does effective sterilization depend on

Answer 53

presence of organic material

Question 54

what are steps of spore test

Answer 54

1. autoclave ampule containing nutrient media + endospores 2. incubate sample 3. look for growth

Question 55

what is indication of growth

Answer 55

colour change

Question 56

why is colour change indication of growth

Answer 56

1. spores germinated 2. bacteria grew 3. bacteria metabolized 3. bacteria produced basic / acidic compounds

Question 57

what 4 chemicals can sterilize

Answer 57

1. halogens 2. aldehydes 3. ethylene oxide 3. per-oxygen

Question 58

when can halogens sterilize

Answer 58

1. exposure to proper concentration | 2. exposure for sufficient amount of time

Question 59

what can alcohols not kill

Answer 59

1. endospores | 2. naked viruses

Question 60

what can halogens act as

Answer 60

1. disinfectant | 2. sterilizing chemical