LEC 1 Flashcards
what did universal ancestor give rise to
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
what are fungi
eukarya
what are animals
eukarya
what are amoeba
eukarya
order organisms from largest to smallest
- mammals
- parasites
- bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- prions
what are prions
misfolded proteins
what is done with genus name
- capitalized
- italicized
what is done with species name
- not capitalized
- italicized
how are bacteria classified into families
relatedness of genetic info
what does same genus name mean
closely related
what is morphology
bacterial shape
what are 3 basic morphologies
- cocci
- bacilli
- spiral
what are cocci
small round bacteria
what are staphylococci
cluster of small round bacteria
what are streptococci
chain of small round bacteria
what are diplococci
two small round bacteria
what are enterococci
small chain of small round bacteria that are part of streptococci
what are bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
what are cocco bacilli
rounded rod shaped bacteria
what are 3 types of spiral bacteria
- vibrio
- spirillum
- spirochaete
what is vibrio
comma shape
what is spirillum
wavy shape
what is spirochaete
tight curls shape
what is purpose of simple stain
indicate presence of bacteria
what is purpose of differential stain
separate bacteria into groups
what kind of stain is gram stain
differential
what does gram stain separate bacteria into
- gram pos
2. gram neg
what is peptidoglycan (PG)
structural mesh in bacterial cell wall
what does gram stain depend on
amount of PG in bacterial cell wall
what are steps in gram staining (8)
- treat slide with methanol
- add CV
- wash off CV
- add iodine
- wash off iodine
- decolourize with acetone-alcohol mix
- counter stain with safarin
- wash off counterstain
what happens when CV added
sticks to PG in bacterial cell wall
what happens when iodine added
- sticks to PG in bacterial cell wall
2. complexes with CV
what does CV iodine complex do in PG
precipitates
GRAM + PG of gram pos
thick
GRAM + what does acetone-alcohol wash do
compress PG
GRAM + what does compression of PG result in
lock in CV iodine complex
GRAM -PG of gram neg
thin
GRAM -what is PG of gram neg attached to
outer mem
GRAM -what does acetone-alcohol wash do
disrupts outer mem ==> disrupts / rips out PG
GRAM -what happens when PG disrupted / ripped out
- rip out CV iodine complex
2. lose purple colour (bacteria no longer visible under microscope)
what does counterstain do
give gram neg pink colour
what does counterstain have no effect on
gram pos
what are bacteria lacking
nucleus
where are chromosomes of bacteria
cyto
