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MMI 133 > LEC 3 > Flashcards

LEC 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are general characteristics of prokaryotes (2)

A
  1. small

2. unicellular

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2
Q

what do proteins of prokaryotes start with

A

formylmethionine

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3
Q

what do proteins of eukaryotes start with

A

methionine

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4
Q

what is able to detect formylmethionine in prokaryotes

A

WBCs

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5
Q

what are plasmids of prokaryotes

A

genetic elements that can be transferred from one bacteria to another

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6
Q

what surrounds PM of prokaryotes

A

cell wall

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7
Q

what does cell wall of prokaryotes contain

A

PG

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8
Q

what surrounds cell wall of prokaryotes

A

capsule

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9
Q

what is capsule composed of

A

polysaccharides

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10
Q

what do pili attach to

A

PM

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11
Q

what is endosymbiotic theory

A
  1. bacteria infected eukaryote
  2. bacteria provided en for eukaryote
  3. eukaryote kept bacteria
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12
Q

what did eukaryote keep bacteria as

A

mito

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13
Q

where is en produced in prokaryotes

A

PM

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14
Q

what is gram pos bacteria

A

bacteria that retain CV iodine complex

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15
Q

what is gram neg bacteria

A

bacteria the do not retain CV iodine complex

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16
Q

what do lipopolysaccharides contain

A

lipid A

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17
Q

where can lipopolysaccharide be found

A

outer mem of gram neg

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18
Q

what is periplasm

A

space bw PM and outer mem

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19
Q

how does penicillin work

A

act on PG in cell wall

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20
Q

why are gram neg less susceptible to penicillin

A

outer mem

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21
Q

what is ZN stain used for (2)

A
  1. detect mycobacterium tuberculosis
  2. detect organisms with high lipid content / wax content in cell walls
  3. detect cryptosporidium
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22
Q

why are mycobacterium tuberculosis stained with ZN

A

mycolic acid

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23
Q

what is function of pili (2)

A
  1. attaching to cells

2. transferring plasmid

24
Q

what is the function of capsule (1)

A

evasion of WBC

25
what are layers for gram pos
PM to cell wall
26
what are layers for gram neg
PM to cell wall to outer mem
27
what is PG
mesh
28
where is lipid component of lipopolysaccharide
in outer mem
29
where does polysaccharide component of lipopolysaccharide project
outward
30
what does teichoic acid of gram pos attach to
PG in cell wall
31
what does teichoic acid give to cell
neg charge
32
what do prokaryotes contain in PM
phospholipids
33
what is nucleoid
nuclear region of prokaryote
34
what are inclusions
vacuoles containing nutrients
35
C DIFF what kind of infections does c diff cause
nosocomial infections
36
C DIFF what is gram morphology
gram pos bacillus
37
C DIFF what does anaerobic mean
grows in absence of oxygen
38
C DIFF what does aerobic mean
grows in presence of oxygen
39
C DIFF what is ineffective form of cdiff
endospore
40
C DIFF what are endospores
dormant / resting form of bacteria
41
C DIFF what does hard coat of endospore contain
genetic information
42
C DIFF what is the function of spores
allow bacteria to protect genetic information
43
C DIFF what do endospores undergo to become growing bacteria / vegetative bacteria
germination
44
C DIFF what are inactivated endospores unable to do
germinate
45
C DIFF what is mode of transmission
fecal oral
46
C DIFF when will spores germinate
reach intestines
47
C DIFF what cannot inactivate endospores
alcohol
48
what are virulence factors
molecules bacteria produce to cause infection
49
C DIFF what toxins are cdiff virulence factors `
1. toxin A | 2. toxin B
50
C DIFF what kind of toxins are toxin A and toxin B
exotoxins
51
C DIFF what is mech of exotoxins
1. cause intestinal epithelium to leak | 2. cause diarrhea
52
C DIFF why is NAP 1 strain more disease causing
1. more resistant to antibiotics 2. more resistant to disinfectants 3. more toxin 4. faster sporulation
53
C DIFF what is conventional c diff treatment
antibiotics
54
C DIFF what are non conventional treatments
1. probiotics | 2. fecal transplants
55
C DIFF what is idea behind non conventional
restore flora

MMI 133 (7 decks)

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