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Biology > Lec 6 - Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Lec 6 - Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Some prokaryotes and in the chloroplasts of plants and algae

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2
Q

What two processes provide energy for life?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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3
Q

What organisms eat other organisms to get proteins and energy?

A

Heterotroph (Consumers)

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4
Q

What organisms produce their own food for energy?

A

Autotrophs (Producers)

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5
Q

What process converts light energy to chemical energy in food?

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the Site of Photosynthesis in Plants?

A

Chloroplasts

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7
Q

What is the green pigment within chloroplast?

A

Chlorophyll

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8
Q

Where are chloroplasts found mainly?

A

in the cells of mesophyll, the interior tissue of leaf

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9
Q

How many chloroplasts does each mesophyll contain?

A

30 -40

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10
Q

What is the microscopic pores of the leaf where co2 and o2 exit?

A

Stomata

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11
Q

Where can you find chlorophyll?

A

Thylakoids

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12
Q

What is the connected sacs in the chloroplast?

A

thylakoids

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13
Q

What do you call the stack columns of thylakoids?

A

Grana / granum (singular)

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14
Q

What is the dense interior fluid in chloroplasts?

A

Stroma

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15
Q

What is this series of reaction called? 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2?

A

Photosynthesis

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16
Q

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which water is _____ and carbon dioxide is ___

A

oxidized, reduced

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17
Q

Photosynthesis is an______ process; the energy boost is provided by light

A

endergonic

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18
Q

What are the two stages of Phosyn?

A

Light-dependent reactions and the calvin Cycle

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19
Q

Light is a form of electromagnetic energy also called?

A

electromagnetic radiation

20
Q

What is the distance between crests of waves?

A

Wavelength

21
Q

What is the entire range of electromagnetic energy, or radiation?

A

electromagnetic spectrum

22
Q

What consists of wavelengths (including those that drive photosynthesis) that produce colors we can see

A

Visible light

23
Q

Light also behaves as though it consists of discrete particles, called

A

Photons

24
Q

What are substances that absorb visible light?

A

Pigments

25
Q

What measures a pigment’s ability to absorb various wavelengths, sends light through pigments and measures the fraction of light transmitted at each wavelength

A

spectrophometer

26
Q

What is a graph plotting a pigment’s light absorption versus wavelength

A

absorption spectrum

27
Q

The absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a suggests that

A

violet-blue and red light work best for photosynthesis

28
Q

What profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a process

A

action spectrum

29
Q

Who demonstrated the action spectrum of photosynthesis was first in 1883 ?

A

Theodor
W. Engelmann

30
Q

What is the main photosynthetic pigment ? What is the accessory pigment that broaden the spctrum used for photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

31
Q

Accessory pigments called ______absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

A

carotenoids

32
Q

What is an afterglow that occurs when photons are given off after excited electrons fall back to ground state?

A

Fluorescence

33
Q

A ______ consists of a reaction-center complex (a type of protein complex) surrounded by light-harvesting complexes

A

photosystem

34
Q

A ______ in the reaction center accepts excited electrons and is reduced as a result

A

primary electron acceptor

35
Q

What is the primary pathway, involves both photosystems and produces ATP and NADPH using light energy?

A

Linear electron flow

36
Q

What uses only photosystem I and produces ATP, but not NADPH?

A

Cyclic electron flow

37
Q

_____ transfer chemical energy from food to ATP; ______transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP

A

Mitochondria , chloroplast

38
Q

What type of photosynthesis uses ATP and NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar?

A

Calvin cycle

39
Q

For net synthesis of 1 G3P, the cycle must take place ______, fixing 3 molecules of carbon dioxide

A

three times

40
Q

What are the 3 phases of Calvin cycle?

A

Carbon Fixation (catalyzed by Rubisco), Reduction, and Regeneration of the carbon dioxide acceptor (RuBP)

41
Q

In most plants (_____), initial fixation of carbon dioxide, via rubisco, forms a three-carbon compound (3-phosphoglycerate)

A

(C3 plants)

42
Q

In _______, rubisco adds oxygen instead of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, producing a two-carbon compound

A

photorespiration

43
Q

What type of plants minimize the cost of photorespiration by incorporating carbon dioxide into four-carbon compounds in mesophyll cells

A

C4 Plants

44
Q

What plants, including succulents, use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to fix carbon. These plants open their stomata at night, incorporating carbon dioxide into organic acids
Stomata close during the day, and carbon dioxide is released from organic acids and used in the Calvin cycle

A

CAM plants

45
Q

Plants store excess sugar as starch in structures such as ___, ____, _____, and ______

A

roots, tubers, seeds, and fruits

46
Q

_______ made in the chloroplasts supplies chemical energy and carbon skeletons to synthesize the organic molecules of cells

A

Sugar

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