Lec 6 - Control of Metabolism

Question 1

most circulating energy comes from

Answer 1

glucose then triglycerides

Question 2

most tissue energy comes from blank

Answer 2

triglycerides

Question 3

six phases of metabolism

Answer 3

absorptive, postabsorptive, early starvation, intermediate starvation, prolonged starvation, refeeding

Question 4

absorptive phase lasts this long after a meal

Answer 4

2-4 hrs

Question 5

postabsorptive period is characterized by normalization of blank, blank, and blank

Answer 5

hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperaminoacidemia

Question 6

postabsorptive period lasts about this long and is ended by eating another meal or early starvation

Answer 6

3-4 hrs

Question 7

aa are converted to blank in the liver

Answer 7

glucose/triacylglycerols

Question 8

aa are used for making proteins in the blank

Answer 8

skeletal muscles

Question 9

fed state is aka blank

Answer 9

anabolism

Question 10

fed state has blank cAMP

Answer 10

decreased

Question 11

insulin increases the activity of blank

Answer 11

PP1, recruitment of glut 4 for increased glucose transport, recruitment of LPL in adipose tissue, inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 12

covalent modification is a blank regulation

Answer 12

short term

Question 13

gene transcription is a blank regulation

Answer 13

long term

Question 14

allosteric effectors is a blank regulation

Answer 14

short term

Question 15

this stage is characterized by glycogenolysis and fatty acid mobilization to provide glucose for the brain

Answer 15

early starvation

Question 16

longest phase that lasts from 1 to 24 days

Answer 16

intermediate starvation

Question 17

intermediate starvation is characterized by blank

Answer 17

gluconeogenesis

Question 18

during intermediate starvation, brain starts using blank

Answer 18

ketones

Question 19

during prolonged starvation, the steady state rates of carbs, lipids, and aa metabolism appear to be blank

Answer 19

established

Question 20

prolonged starvation has about blank percent of energy from glucose, blank from beta hydroxybutyrate, blank from acetoacetate and about blank by aa

Answer 20

30, 50, 5, 15

Question 21

chronically starved person during refeeding cannot utilize a sudden load of blank

Answer 21

glucose

Question 22

not being able to handle glucose after starvation is due to absence of blank

Answer 22

key enzymes

Question 23

in the fasted state, blank increases

Answer 23

cAMP

Question 24

fasted state is aka

Answer 24

catabolism

Question 25

glucagon increase in fasted state causes increase in blank

Answer 25

PKA

Question 26

we cant make free glucose in blank due to lacking glucose 6 something

Answer 26

muscle

Question 27

muscle will only breakdown blank during fasted state

Answer 27

glycogen

Question 28

liver does not handle blank

Answer 28

glutamine

Question 29

aa metabolism is accomplished by blank and oxidizes them into alanine and forms free blank

Answer 29

enterocytes, ammonia

Question 30

during fasting, the liver does not oxidize blank

Answer 30

glucose

Question 31

glucagon activates enzymes for hepatic blank degradation

Answer 31

glycogen

Question 32

glucagon inhibits enzymes for glycogen blank

Answer 32

synthesis

Question 33

in liver, fatty acids are oxidized and blank is utilized for making ketones

Answer 33

acetyl coA

Question 34

in muscle during fasting state, fa are oxidized to make blank

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

dietary protein is a source of blank aa

Answer 35

all 20

Question 36

glutamine is one of the major substrates used by the gut and converts glutamine to these

Answer 36

alanine, lactate, ammonia

Question 37

kidneys metabolize glutamine to form blank for excretion in urine

Answer 37

NH4

Question 38

major site of aa catabolism

Answer 38

liver

Question 39

protein required for adult

Answer 39

.8 g/kg of body weight