Lec 4 - Purine Metabolism

Question 1

nucleosides lack these

Answer 1

phosphates

Question 2

these have two rings

Answer 2

purines

Question 3

these have one rings

Answer 3

pyramidines

Question 4

NTP is required for synthesis of blank

Answer 4

rna

Question 5

dNTP are requires for synthesis of blank

Answer 5

dna

Question 6

the types of nucleotides vary based on the blank

Answer 6

side chains

Question 7

two nucleotide synthesis pathways

Answer 7

de novo, salvage

Question 8

de novo pathway results in making nitrogenous bases from blank and is less blank than salvage

Answer 8

scratch, efficient

Question 9

end product of de novo purine synthesis pathway is this nucleotide…. first purine made

Answer 9

IMP

Question 10

the nitrogenous base of IMP without the ribose and phosphate is called blank

Answer 10

hypoxanthine

Question 11

what to know about purine biosynthesis slide

Answer 11

FOR TEST OK

Question 12

key points of the control of purine nucleotide synthesis

Answer 12

FOR TEST OK

Question 13

to convert imp to gmp we need blank

Answer 13

atp

Question 14

to convert imp to amp we need blank

Answer 14

gtp

Question 15

lots of blank stimulates purine nucleotide biosynthesis

Answer 15

PRPP

Question 16

salvage pathway is reversible/irreversible?

Answer 16

irreversible

Question 17

end product of purine nucleotide catabolism

Answer 17

uric acid

Question 18

major organ for purine degradation

Answer 18

liver

Question 19

key enzyme in degradation of purine nucleotides

Answer 19

xanthine oxidase

Question 20

overproduciton of uric acid can lead to blank

Answer 20

gout

Question 21

gout is usually caused by increased levels of blank

Answer 21

PRPP (increased purine synthesis)

Question 22

this reduces production of uriic acid by binding to xanthine oxidase

Answer 22

allopurinol

Question 23

pathway of pyramidine biosynthesis that is the same as making purines

Answer 23

salvage

Question 24

unlike purines, pyramidines are first synthesized as a blank before being converted to a nucleotide via reaction with PRPP

Answer 24

free base

Question 25

first compound with a pyramidine ring structure in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 25

orotate

Question 26

what to konw about pyramidine biosynthesis slide

Answer 26

TEST OK

Question 27

there are blank genetic diseases associated with pyramidine breakdown

Answer 27

no

Question 28

nucleotides consist of these

Answer 28

nitrogenous base, a sguar, and phosphate

Question 29

ribonucleotide reductase reduces blank to blank by using blank as the reducing power

Answer 29

OH, H, NADPH

Question 30

ribonucleotide reductase activity is inhibited when nucleotide is bound to this activity site

Answer 30

dATP

Question 31

ribonucleotide reductase activity is activated when nucleotide is bound to this activity site

Answer 31

atp

Question 32

to make a thymine... a blank group needs to be put on uracil

Answer 32

methyl

Question 33

this inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase involved in cancer

Answer 33

5 fluorouracil

Question 34

nucleotide analog used as cancer drug that is an analog of cytosine and prevents further dna synthesis

Answer 34

araC

Question 35

cancer drugs that are nucleotide analogs actually look like blank

Answer 35

nucleotides

Question 36

making thymine requires this

Answer 36

tetrahydrofolate

Question 37

this enzyme regulates the activity of various proteins involved in viral replication

Answer 37

cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase

Question 38

analog of guanosine used in treatment of herpes virus

Answer 38

ganciclovir

Question 39

analog of adenosine found in marine sponges, treats viral meningitis

Answer 39

vidarabine (AraA)

Question 40

analog of thymidine that is incorporated by the HIV viral reverse transcriptase

Answer 40

AZT

Question 41

important blood plasma protein made by the liver

Answer 41

albumin

Question 42

albumin provides blank to keep blood in the blood vessels

Answer 42

oncotic pressure

Question 43

albumin also helps transport these in the blood stream

Answer 43

fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin, drugs

Question 44

three globulins in blood plasma

Answer 44

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 45

liver makes these globulins

Answer 45

alpha, beta

Question 46

group of plasma proteins not made by liver and make antibodies

Answer 46

gamma globulins

Question 47

two blood coagulation factors including these

Answer 47

non vitamin k dependent, vitamin k dependent

Question 48

summary of plasma proteins slide for test

Answer 48

ok

Question 49

drugs and other foreign substances are aka blank

Answer 49

xenobiotics

Question 50

humans contain about blank different cytochrome p450 genes

Answer 50

57

Question 51

cytochrome p450 is involved in blank metabolism

Answer 51

xenobiotic

Question 52

having more cytochrome p 450 causes blank drug metabolism

Answer 52

faster

Question 53

compounds that give color to bile

Answer 53

bile pigments

Question 54

bile pigments are derived from blank molecules

Answer 54

heme

Question 55

heme molecules are large blank

Answer 55

tetrapyrroles

Question 56

diseases in which intermediates of the heme biosynthesis accumulate because of either genetic mutation in one of the enzymes required fro heme synthesis or because of poisoning of the activity of ALA dehydratase

Answer 56

porphyrias

Question 57

vampire disease

Answer 57

porphyria

Question 58

various colors found in a bruise are due to local breakdown of blank from rbc

Answer 58

heme

Question 59

when bile pigments accumulate they may result in yellow color called blank

Answer 59

jaundice

Question 60

forms of jaundice in which there is bilirubin in the bloodstream that is not conjugated to the sugar glucaronic acid

Answer 60

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 61

build up of conjugated bilirubin

Answer 61

conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Question 62

two liver function tests

Answer 62

serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, prothrombin time, ALT