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Den bch - Last > Lec 4 - Purine Metabolism > Flashcards

Lec 4 - Purine Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

nucleosides lack these

A

phosphates

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2
Q

these have two rings

A

purines

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3
Q

these have one rings

A

pyramidines

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4
Q

NTP is required for synthesis of blank

A

rna

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5
Q

dNTP are requires for synthesis of blank

A

dna

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6
Q

the types of nucleotides vary based on the blank

A

side chains

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7
Q

two nucleotide synthesis pathways

A

de novo, salvage

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8
Q

de novo pathway results in making nitrogenous bases from blank and is less blank than salvage

A

scratch, efficient

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9
Q

end product of de novo purine synthesis pathway is this nucleotide…. first purine made

A

IMP

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10
Q

the nitrogenous base of IMP without the ribose and phosphate is called blank

A

hypoxanthine

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11
Q

what to know about purine biosynthesis slide

A

FOR TEST OK

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12
Q

key points of the control of purine nucleotide synthesis

A

FOR TEST OK

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13
Q

to convert imp to gmp we need blank

A

atp

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14
Q

to convert imp to amp we need blank

A

gtp

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15
Q

lots of blank stimulates purine nucleotide biosynthesis

A

PRPP

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16
Q

salvage pathway is reversible/irreversible?

A

irreversible

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17
Q

end product of purine nucleotide catabolism

A

uric acid

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18
Q

major organ for purine degradation

A

liver

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19
Q

key enzyme in degradation of purine nucleotides

A

xanthine oxidase

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20
Q

overproduciton of uric acid can lead to blank

A

gout

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21
Q

gout is usually caused by increased levels of blank

A

PRPP (increased purine synthesis)

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22
Q

this reduces production of uriic acid by binding to xanthine oxidase

A

allopurinol

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23
Q

pathway of pyramidine biosynthesis that is the same as making purines

A

salvage

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24
Q

unlike purines, pyramidines are first synthesized as a blank before being converted to a nucleotide via reaction with PRPP

A

free base

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25
Q

first compound with a pyramidine ring structure in de novo pyrimidine synthesis

A

orotate

26
Q

what to konw about pyramidine biosynthesis slide

A

TEST OK

27
Q

there are blank genetic diseases associated with pyramidine breakdown

A

no

28
Q

nucleotides consist of these

A

nitrogenous base, a sguar, and phosphate

29
Q

ribonucleotide reductase reduces blank to blank by using blank as the reducing power

A

OH, H, NADPH

30
Q

ribonucleotide reductase activity is inhibited when nucleotide is bound to this activity site

A

dATP

31
Q

ribonucleotide reductase activity is activated when nucleotide is bound to this activity site

A

atp

32
Q

to make a thymine… a blank group needs to be put on uracil

A

methyl

33
Q

this inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase involved in cancer

A

5 fluorouracil

34
Q

nucleotide analog used as cancer drug that is an analog of cytosine and prevents further dna synthesis

A

araC

35
Q

cancer drugs that are nucleotide analogs actually look like blank

A

nucleotides

36
Q

making thymine requires this

A

tetrahydrofolate

37
Q

this enzyme regulates the activity of various proteins involved in viral replication

A

cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase

38
Q

analog of guanosine used in treatment of herpes virus

A

ganciclovir

39
Q

analog of adenosine found in marine sponges, treats viral meningitis

A

vidarabine (AraA)

40
Q

analog of thymidine that is incorporated by the HIV viral reverse transcriptase

A

AZT

41
Q

important blood plasma protein made by the liver

A

albumin

42
Q

albumin provides blank to keep blood in the blood vessels

A

oncotic pressure

43
Q

albumin also helps transport these in the blood stream

A

fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin, drugs

44
Q

three globulins in blood plasma

A

alpha, beta, gamma

45
Q

liver makes these globulins

A

alpha, beta

46
Q

group of plasma proteins not made by liver and make antibodies

A

gamma globulins

47
Q

two blood coagulation factors including these

A

non vitamin k dependent, vitamin k dependent

48
Q

summary of plasma proteins slide for test

A

ok

49
Q

drugs and other foreign substances are aka blank

A

xenobiotics

50
Q

humans contain about blank different cytochrome p450 genes

A

57

51
Q

cytochrome p450 is involved in blank metabolism

A

xenobiotic

52
Q

having more cytochrome p 450 causes blank drug metabolism

A

faster

53
Q

compounds that give color to bile

A

bile pigments

54
Q

bile pigments are derived from blank molecules

A

heme

55
Q

heme molecules are large blank

A

tetrapyrroles

56
Q

diseases in which intermediates of the heme biosynthesis accumulate because of either genetic mutation in one of the enzymes required fro heme synthesis or because of poisoning of the activity of ALA dehydratase

A

porphyrias

57
Q

vampire disease

A

porphyria

58
Q

various colors found in a bruise are due to local breakdown of blank from rbc

A

heme

59
Q

when bile pigments accumulate they may result in yellow color called blank

A

jaundice

60
Q

forms of jaundice in which there is bilirubin in the bloodstream that is not conjugated to the sugar glucaronic acid

A

unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

61
Q

build up of conjugated bilirubin

A

conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

62
Q

two liver function tests

A

serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, prothrombin time, ALT

Den bch - Last (8 decks)

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