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STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 > LEC 5: Microstructure of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue - 08.19.2014 > Flashcards

LEC 5: Microstructure of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue - 08.19.2014 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four (4) specialized tissue types

A
  1. connective
  2. epithelial
  3. nervous
  4. muscle
    * each of these tissues exist in association with each other to form organs
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2
Q

What germ layer does epithelial tissue derive from

A

all three (3) germ layers

  • mesoderm
  • ectoderm
  • endoderm
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3
Q

What germ layer does connective tissue derive from

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

What germ layer does muscle tissue derive from

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

What germ layer does nervous tissue derive from

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the ectoderm

A

epidermis (skin) derives from the ectoderm

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7
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the endoderm

A

the linings of the GI tract and respiratory tracts derive from endoderm

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8
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the mesoderm

A

endothelium (linings of blood vessels) and mesothelium (linings of cavities) derive from the mesoderm

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9
Q

Describe types of epithelial tissue deriving from the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

A
  1. ectoderm = epidermis (skin)
  2. endoderm = lining of GI tract, lining of respiratory tract
  3. mesoderm = endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (lines body cavities)
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10
Q

Name the (2) major types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. membranous epithelia – sheetlike tissues that cover/line surfaces, cavities, and organs of the body
  2. **glandular epithelia **– perform secretory functions
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11
Q

What is membranous epithelia

A

sheetlike tissues that cover/line surfaces, cavities, organs of the body

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12
Q

What is glandular epithelia

A

epithelia that performs secretory functions

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13
Q

Describe five (5) functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. protection/containment (skin)
  2. absorption (intestines)
  3. secretion (glands)
  4. sensation (neuroepithelium)
  5. contractility (myoepithelium)
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14
Q

Are epithelial cells polar or nonpolar

A

polar

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15
Q

basement membrane

A

epithelial tissues are supported by the basement membrane (separates them from underlying supportive tissue)

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16
Q

What are the four (4) characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. cells closely bound to one another by membrane specializations (cell junctions) form continuous sheets
  2. supported by basement membrane (separates them from underlying supporting tissue)
  3. not penetrated by blood vessels
  4. epithelial cells are polar
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17
Q

Label the parts of the epithelial cell

A

A. Apical plasma membrane

B. Lateral plasma membrane

C. Basal-lateral membrane

D. Basal membrane

E. Basement membrane

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18
Q

What are the three (3) ways to classify epithelial tissue

A
  1. cell layers
  2. morphology
  3. surface characteristics
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19
Q

If classifying by cell layers, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

cell layer classification of epithelial cells

  • simple-one layer
  • stratified-more than one layer
  • pseudostratified-nuclei at different positions
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20
Q

If classifying by morphology, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

morphological classification of epithelial cells

  • squamous (flat)
  • columnar
  • cuboidal
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21
Q

If classifying by cell characteristics, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

cell characteristics classification of epithelial cells

  • cilia
  • keratin
  • microvilli
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22
Q

In this slide of a small blood vessel (H&E Stain), what kind of cells are these

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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23
Q

Collecting tubule in the kidney (Azan stain), what kind of cells are these

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  • note clear basement membrane (blue)
24
Q

What kind of cells are these

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

25
What kind of cells are these
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
26
What are the cells the arrows point to
Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
27
In this slide (H&E stain) taken from the gall bladder, what cells are visible
Simple Columnar Epithelium ## Footnote NB: H&E Stain, not Azan, so basement membrane not evident (Azan Stain = blue basement membrane)
28
What kind of cells are displayed in this slide of small intestines?
Simple Columnar Epithelium
29
What are the arrows pointing to in this slide, and what kind of cells are featured
Simple Columnar Epithelium * black arrows: lymphocytes (very dark circles) * type of white blood cell * blue arrow: goblet cells * intestines have to have a surface coating, which goblet cells provide
30
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium * Azan stain, taken of Fallopian tube (oviduct) * blue cells, less numerous, not ciliated, have secretory function * ciliary action facilitates transport of the ovum from overy to uterus
31
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelial * found in female reproductive tract (Fallopian tubes)
32
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelial * found in female reproductive tract (Fallopian tubes)
33
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium * trachea
34
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium * always found in trachea
35
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium * always found in trachea * propel mucous and entrap particles
36
Characteristics of Stratified Epithelial Tissue
* two or more layers of cells * protective function * classified based on the shape and structure of the surface cell
37
What kind of cells are depicted in this diagram
Stratified Squamous Epithelium * note cuboidal cells on the bottom * withstand chronic abraison * located in oral cavity, esophagus, cervix, vagina
38
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
39
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Stratified Squamous Epithelium * esophagus * differentiate and divide, becoming more squamous as move up * cytoplasm flattens out as cell becomes more squamous
40
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium
41
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial * larger excretory ducts of exocrine glands (e.g. salivary glands)
42
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium * excretory duct from parotid gland
43
What kind of cells does this diagram depict
Transitional Epithelium * sometimes are binucleated cells at apical surface * pillowy surface
44
What kind of cells does this slide depict
Transitional Epithelium * sometimes are binucleated cells at apical surface * pillowy surface
45
What kind of cells are found in this slide
Transitional Epithelium * empty urinary bladder * binucleate, prominent nucleoli * in full urinary bladder, transitional epithelial cells will accomodate stretch and flatten
46
Glandular Epithelia
* invagination of epithelial surfaces * formed during embryonic development * proliferation of epithelial cells into underlying connective tissue
47
Proliferation of exocrine glands from epithelial cells
* cells divide * dip down into connective tissue but maintain contact with surface
48
Proliferation of endocrine glands from epithelial cells
* cells divide * dip down into connective tissue * endocrine gland does NOT maintain contact with cell surface * releases hormones into blood stream
49
What are the two (2) types of glands
Exocrine Glands * Maintain continuity with epithelial surface * Discharge secretions via ducts Endocrine Glands * Degeneration of duct * Islands of epithelial secretory tissue * Secretory products (hormones) go into blood
50
Where do endocrine glands release their hormones
Into underlying connective tissues/blood vessels via exocytosis
51
What are the three (3) modes of exocrine secretion
1. Merocrine * most common * no loss of membrane (e.g. goblet cell) 2. Apocrine * secretory product in vesicles (e.g. mammary gland) 3. Holocrine * whole cell broken for discharge of products (e.g. sebaceous gland)
52
What cells are visible in this slide
Cuboidal Cells * serous gland with ducts
53
What cells are visible in this slide
Cuboidal Cells * mucous gland composed of many cuboidal epithelial cells
54
Synthesis of mucigen
* Protein component synthesized in RER * Goes to Golgi * Carbohydrate attached in Gogli * secreted at steady basal rate, but local irritation with cause the release of entire mucigen content
55
Function of Goblet Cells in: 1. upper GI tract 2. lower GI tract 3. respiratory tract
* In uppder GI tract, provide protective coat against autodigestion * In lower GI tract, provide lubrication * In respiratory tract, prevent drying, helps humidify inspired air, acts as sticky surface to trap dust particles and microorganisms before they reach the lungs

STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 (8 decks)

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