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STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 > LEC 5: Microstructure of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue - 08.19.2014 > Flashcards

LEC 5: Microstructure of Tissues: Epithelial Tissue - 08.19.2014 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four (4) specialized tissue types

A
  1. connective
  2. epithelial
  3. nervous
  4. muscle
    * each of these tissues exist in association with each other to form organs
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2
Q

What germ layer does epithelial tissue derive from

A

all three (3) germ layers

  • mesoderm
  • ectoderm
  • endoderm
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3
Q

What germ layer does connective tissue derive from

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

What germ layer does muscle tissue derive from

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

What germ layer does nervous tissue derive from

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the ectoderm

A

epidermis (skin) derives from the ectoderm

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7
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the endoderm

A

the linings of the GI tract and respiratory tracts derive from endoderm

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8
Q

What type of epithelial tissue derives from the mesoderm

A

endothelium (linings of blood vessels) and mesothelium (linings of cavities) derive from the mesoderm

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9
Q

Describe types of epithelial tissue deriving from the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

A
  1. ectoderm = epidermis (skin)
  2. endoderm = lining of GI tract, lining of respiratory tract
  3. mesoderm = endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (lines body cavities)
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10
Q

Name the (2) major types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. membranous epithelia – sheetlike tissues that cover/line surfaces, cavities, and organs of the body
  2. **glandular epithelia **– perform secretory functions
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11
Q

What is membranous epithelia

A

sheetlike tissues that cover/line surfaces, cavities, organs of the body

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12
Q

What is glandular epithelia

A

epithelia that performs secretory functions

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13
Q

Describe five (5) functions of epithelial tissue

A
  1. protection/containment (skin)
  2. absorption (intestines)
  3. secretion (glands)
  4. sensation (neuroepithelium)
  5. contractility (myoepithelium)
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14
Q

Are epithelial cells polar or nonpolar

A

polar

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15
Q

basement membrane

A

epithelial tissues are supported by the basement membrane (separates them from underlying supportive tissue)

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16
Q

What are the four (4) characteristics of epithelial tissue

A
  1. cells closely bound to one another by membrane specializations (cell junctions) form continuous sheets
  2. supported by basement membrane (separates them from underlying supporting tissue)
  3. not penetrated by blood vessels
  4. epithelial cells are polar
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17
Q

Label the parts of the epithelial cell

A

A. Apical plasma membrane

B. Lateral plasma membrane

C. Basal-lateral membrane

D. Basal membrane

E. Basement membrane

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18
Q

What are the three (3) ways to classify epithelial tissue

A
  1. cell layers
  2. morphology
  3. surface characteristics
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19
Q

If classifying by cell layers, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

cell layer classification of epithelial cells

  • simple-one layer
  • stratified-more than one layer
  • pseudostratified-nuclei at different positions
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20
Q

If classifying by morphology, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

morphological classification of epithelial cells

  • squamous (flat)
  • columnar
  • cuboidal
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21
Q

If classifying by cell characteristics, what are the three types of epithelial cells

A

cell characteristics classification of epithelial cells

  • cilia
  • keratin
  • microvilli
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22
Q

In this slide of a small blood vessel (H&E Stain), what kind of cells are these

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

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23
Q

Collecting tubule in the kidney (Azan stain), what kind of cells are these

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

  • note clear basement membrane (blue)
24
Q

What kind of cells are these

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

25
Q

What kind of cells are these

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

26
Q

What are the cells the arrows point to

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

27
Q

In this slide (H&E stain) taken from the gall bladder, what cells are visible

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

NB: H&E Stain, not Azan, so basement membrane not evident (Azan Stain = blue basement membrane)

28
Q

What kind of cells are displayed in this slide of small intestines?

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

29
Q

What are the arrows pointing to in this slide, and what kind of cells are featured

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • black arrows: lymphocytes (very dark circles)
    • type of white blood cell
  • blue arrow: goblet cells
    • intestines have to have a surface coating, which goblet cells provide
30
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

  • Azan stain, taken of Fallopian tube (oviduct)
  • blue cells, less numerous, not ciliated, have secretory function
  • ciliary action facilitates transport of the ovum from overy to uterus
31
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelial

  • found in female reproductive tract (Fallopian tubes)
32
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelial

  • found in female reproductive tract (Fallopian tubes)
33
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

  • trachea
34
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

  • always found in trachea
35
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

  • always found in trachea
  • propel mucous and entrap particles
36
Q

Characteristics of Stratified Epithelial Tissue

A
  • two or more layers of cells
  • protective function
  • classified based on the shape and structure of the surface cell
37
Q

What kind of cells are depicted in this diagram

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  • note cuboidal cells on the bottom
  • withstand chronic abraison
  • located in oral cavity, esophagus, cervix, vagina
38
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

39
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  • esophagus
  • differentiate and divide, becoming more squamous as move up
  • cytoplasm flattens out as cell becomes more squamous
40
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

41
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial

  • larger excretory ducts of exocrine glands (e.g. salivary glands)
42
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

  • excretory duct from parotid gland
43
Q

What kind of cells does this diagram depict

A

Transitional Epithelium

  • sometimes are binucleated cells at apical surface
  • pillowy surface
44
Q

What kind of cells does this slide depict

A

Transitional Epithelium

  • sometimes are binucleated cells at apical surface
  • pillowy surface
45
Q

What kind of cells are found in this slide

A

Transitional Epithelium

  • empty urinary bladder
  • binucleate, prominent nucleoli
  • in full urinary bladder, transitional epithelial cells will accomodate stretch and flatten
46
Q

Glandular Epithelia

A
  • invagination of epithelial surfaces
  • formed during embryonic development
  • proliferation of epithelial cells into underlying connective tissue
47
Q

Proliferation of exocrine glands from epithelial cells

A
  • cells divide
  • dip down into connective tissue but maintain contact with surface
48
Q

Proliferation of endocrine glands from epithelial cells

A
  • cells divide
  • dip down into connective tissue
  • endocrine gland does NOT maintain contact with cell surface
  • releases hormones into blood stream
49
Q

What are the two (2) types of glands

A

Exocrine Glands

  • Maintain continuity with epithelial surface
  • Discharge secretions via ducts

Endocrine Glands

  • Degeneration of duct
  • Islands of epithelial secretory tissue
  • Secretory products (hormones) go into blood
50
Q

Where do endocrine glands release their hormones

A

Into underlying connective tissues/blood vessels via exocytosis

51
Q

What are the three (3) modes of exocrine secretion

A
  1. Merocrine
  • most common
  • no loss of membrane (e.g. goblet cell)
  1. Apocrine
    * secretory product in vesicles (e.g. mammary gland)
  2. Holocrine
    * whole cell broken for discharge of products (e.g. sebaceous gland)
52
Q

What cells are visible in this slide

A

Cuboidal Cells

  • serous gland with ducts
53
Q

What cells are visible in this slide

A

Cuboidal Cells

  • mucous gland composed of many cuboidal epithelial cells
54
Q

Synthesis of mucigen

A
  • Protein component synthesized in RER
  • Goes to Golgi
  • Carbohydrate attached in Gogli
  • secreted at steady basal rate, but local irritation with cause the release of entire mucigen content
55
Q

Function of Goblet Cells in:

  1. upper GI tract
  2. lower GI tract
  3. respiratory tract
A
  • In uppder GI tract, provide protective coat against autodigestion
  • In lower GI tract, provide lubrication
  • In respiratory tract, prevent drying, helps humidify inspired air, acts as sticky surface to trap dust particles and microorganisms before they reach the lungs

STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 (8 decks)

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