Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 > LEC 2: The Vertebral Column - 08.18.2014 > Flashcards

LEC 2: The Vertebral Column - 08.18.2014 Flashcards

1
Q

The skeletal system is composed of two (2) skeletons…

A
  1. Axial Skeleton
  2. Appendicular Skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Componenets of axial skeleton

A
  1. skull
  2. vertebral column
  3. sternum
  4. ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Componenets of appendicular skeleton

A
  1. extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the five (5) sections of the vertebral column and how many vertebrae do they have?

A
  1. cervical spine (7)
  2. thoracic spine (12)
  3. lumbar spine (5)
  4. sacral spine (5 - fused)
  5. coccygeal spine (4)

TOTAL: 33 vertebrae (typically)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kyphosis

A

curvature of the spine causing bowing, rounding of back (“hunchback”) in thoracic section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lordosis

A

abormal curvature of vertebral column in lumbar region, produces swayback deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the primary curvature of the spine

A

Primary curvature is concave anteriorly (bending toward anterior)

  • represents original shape of embryo
  • retained in thoracic/sacral regions in adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the secondary curvature of the spine

A

Secondary curvature is concave posteriorly (bending toward posterior)

  • occurs in cervical/lumbar regions in adults
  • brings center of gravity into vertical line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the order of curvatures in the spine

A
  1. thoracic kyphosis is first (primary)
  2. when infant lifts head, lordosis occurs in cervical region (secondary)
  3. when infant begins to crawl, lordosis occurs in lumbar region (secondary)
  4. later, sacrum lifts (primary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dowager’s Hump

A

example of an abnormal vertebral column curvature (extreme kyphosis in thoracic region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe a situation of tranisent lordosis

A

typically found in pregnant women due to massive shift in center of gravity (lumbar region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A
  • Technically, cord ends between L1-L2
  • Does NOT mean that sacral/coccygeal portions of spinal cord do not exist – just not 1-to-1 with exit wholes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the parts of a “typical” (lumbar) vertebra

A
  1. body
  2. vertebral (neural) arch
  • formed by (2) pedicles and (2) lamina
  • (7) processes project from vertebral arch
    • (2) transverse
    • (4) articular
    • (1) spinous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many processes project from the vertebral arch (lumbar) and name them

A
  • (2) transverse processes
  • (4) articular processes
  • (1) spinous process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the hole between the vertebral body and the vertebral arch called

A

Vertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cervix

A

Latin for “neck”; e.g. cervix is the neck of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C1

A

Atlas; does not have vertebral body and articulates with the bottom of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C2

A

Axis; has the dens, which is the body of C1 that has become fused to C2 during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

C7

A

Vertebra promenens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cervical rib

A

Rare occasion when (in humans) a rib may attach to C7 (vertebra promenens); may or may not be clinically relevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Distinguishing characteristic of cervical vertebrae

A

hole (foramen) in transverse processes; vertebral artery and vertebral veins are located here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of thoracic vertebrae

A
  • increase in size from T1 to T12
  • all thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs and have either “full” facets or “demi” facets for attachments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

“Full” facet or “demi” facet

A

Found in the thoracic vertebrae; imporant for the attachment and articulation of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of lumbar vertebrae

A
  • largest of the vertebrae
  • lack foramina in the transverse processes
  • lack facets for rib articulation
  • L4 and L5 often involved in disc related injuries due to position and weight transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
*lumbaris*
Latin for "loin"
26
Distinguishing characteristic of sacral vertebrae
5 fused vertebrae
27
*os sacrum*
Latin for "Holy bone"; word sacred derived from this because the bone was offered in sacrifice
28
Sacralization of L5
L5 vertebra becomes fused with parts of the sacrum
29
Lumbarization of S1
S1 vertebra becomes partly unfused from the rest of the sacrum
30
Distinguishing characteristics of coccygeal vertebrae
* not really fused together * vestigal part of tailbone
31
Diagnostic features of non-fused regional vertebrae
_Cervical:_ foramen in transverse process _Thoracic:_ "full" facet or "demi" facet for rib articulation _Lumbar:_ **absence** of foramen in transverse process or facets for rib articulation
32
What is a joint
junction of two (2) parts of the skeleton
33
*articulare*
Latin for "articulation"; general term for structures coming together
34
What are the two (2) main types of joints
1. synovial (diarthrosis) joints 2. fibro-cartilaginous (solid) joints
35
What are the two (2) types of fibro-cartilaginous joints
1. fibrous (synarthrosis) 2. cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis)
36
Name the three (3) types of fibrous (synarthrosis) joints
1. suture joint 2. gomphosis joint 3. syndesmosis joint
37
Name the two (2) types of cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joints
1. symphysis joint 2. synchondrosis joint
38
What type of joint is an intervertebral disc
fibrocartilaginous (solid) joint * cartilaginous joint * symphysis joint
39
Zygapohyseal ("facet") joints
Joints of the vertebral arches; synovial joint
40
What type of joint is a zygapohyseal joint
synovial joint
41
atlanto-occipital joint
joint of the suboccipital region (synovial joint) ## Footnote
42
atlanto-axial joint
joint of the suboccipital region (synovial joint)
43
costovertebral joint
joint between rib and body of vertebra (synovial joint)
44
costotransverse joint
joint between rib and process of vertebra (synovial joint)
45
What is a ligament
short band of fibrous, connective tissue which attaches bone to bone; holds structures together and keeps them stable
46
What is a tendon
fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone
47
aponeurosis
broad, flat tendon that attaches muscles to bone or other muscles
48
anterior longitudinal ligament
* attaches to base of skull * extends to anterior surface of sacrum * attaches to vertebral bodies/intervertebral discs
49
posterior longitudinal ligament
* posterior surface of vertebral bodies * lines anterior surface of vertebral canal * attach along length to vertebral bodies/intervertebral discs
50
ligamentum flavum ligament
* pass between laminae of adjacent vertebrae * thin, broad ligaments * form part of posterior surface of vertebral canal * each one: posterior surface of lamina of vertebral surface below to anterior surface lamina above
51
supraspinous ligament
* connects/passes along tips of vertebral spinous processes from C7 to sacrum * above C7 (to skull), more distinct *ligamentum nuchae*
52
interspinous ligaments
* pass between adjacent vertebral spinous processes * attach from base to apex of each spinous process * blend with supraspinous ligament posteriorly * blend with ligamentum flavum (flava) anteriorly
53
What type of joints are intervertebral discs
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) joints * symphysis joints * symphysis joints are often described as a type of cartilaginous joint found in the axial skeleton, and remains cartilage throughout life
54
Parts of the intervertebral disc
1. outer annulus fibrosis 2. inner nucleus pulposus
55
IVF = intervertebral foramen
* where a spinal nerve is born * where nerve roots join together to form the nerve
56
radicle
the beginning of a nerve
57
radiculopathy
compression on the beginning of the nerve at the IVF (intervertebral foramen); herniated disc
58
radicular pain
pain emanating from compression on the beginning of the nerve at the IVF; herniated disc
59
herniated disc
60
sagittal plane, coronal plane, transverse plane
61
posterior vs. anterior dorsal vs. ventral superior vs. inferior rostral vs. caudal medial vs. lateral
62
Where does the spinal cord end
Spinal cord cell bodies end between L1/L2 vertebral level, but spinal nerves for each segment exit at the level of the corresponding vertebra * For nerves of lower spinal cord, this means that they exit vertebral column much lower (more caudally) than their roots
63
What are the two (2) enlargements of the spinal cord
1. Cervical enlargement (C4/T1) 2. Lumbosacral enlargement * Spinal cord segments L2/S3 * Vertebral levels T9/T12

STRUCTURES - WEEK 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions