lec 4 Flashcards
basic human motive =
need to belong
we care deeply about what others think of us = to be accepted into society
those with a network of close social ties
subjective
tend to be happier, healthier, and more satisfied with life than those who are more isolated
= sense of having people that care about you
= have positive practical sense of care
= nurtuing emotional health
loneliness = +
18-30 age group in western societies
next loneliness = older age ( male > female)
feeling of deprivation about social relations
most likely to occur during times of transition/disruption
(moving out, entering workplace, university life, etc)
= risk factor for various mental and physical health problems
= employ various strategies to combat loneliness such as 3
1= distraction = Netflix, work, alcohol
2=additional efforts in other area
3= new ways to meet people
__common strategies to combat loneliness
3
1= distraction= Netflix, work, alcohol 2= additional efforts in other area (form of distraction) = might work harder, 3= new ways to meet people
attraction
= attracted to others with whom a relationship is directly/indirectly rewarding
(social groups, bolster one’s self-esteem, physical)
entering a relationship= confirmation bias => they are as good as
all humans exhibit patterns of attraction and mate selection that favour the conception, birth, and survival of their offspring.=> evolutionary perspective
we react more favourably to others who are physically attractive than to those who are not
bias for beauty is pervasive = though there are exceptions => symmetrical (normal and healthy)
symmetrical faces signify =
healthy
more attractive
people who are physically attractive are happier and have higher self-esteem than people of average appearance = true / false
false
good looking people have more =
is the physical attractiveness stereotype accurate?
friends
better social skills
more active sex life
aren’t more intelligent
personality, adjustment, self-esteem
attractive peopple are under more pressure to maintain appearance potentially leading to eating disorders ; may have difficulty adjusting to aging; have to decide on the motives of others and trust others less.
attractiveness in youth is not related to later happiness
__ factors of interpersonal attraction
we like/love those who
1= are physically close to us (high interaction accessibility) =>
proximity
2= provide interpersonal reward (humour, wit, charm, goods)=>
social exchange theories
men = young, looks women = powerful, rich
= share our attutides, values, and interests (similarity principle)
2
1= relate to both romantic relationships and friendships 2= on-line and social media sites allows large scale sharing of personal information
of the same level of physial attractiveness : matching hypothesis
we believe that people who are physically close. familiar to us have
similar views, beliefs
who like us
‘opposites attract’ =
might be opposites superficially but have similar values, beliefs etc..
love define =
enduring interpersonal bond = is changeable
distinction made between :
2
1= passionate Love=, emotional, intense physiological arousal 2= companionate love=, deep affection, friendship and emotional intimacy
sternberg’s triangular theory of love =
3
intimacy
passion
commitment
intimacy + commitment
companionate love
bff
intimacy + passion
romantic love
partner
passion + commitment
faluous love
struggle with emotional engagement
passionate and companionate love in a long-term
passionate love drops significantly in first few years
companionate love increases over years = might start off low
evolutionary views of love, sexual strategies in male and females
males:
(create kids)
1= short-term : seek young fertile fenake 2= long-term : seek committed relationship with sexual access 3= men prefer young females
females:
(take care of kids)
1= use short-term liaisons to assess and attract males
2= women will prefer older males with resources
(good opportunities, shelter for children)
relationship issues: sexuality
kinsey’s groundbreaking research during 1940s
problems with studying sexual activities
=> limitations of self-reports
=> what does it mean to “have sex”
=> leading questions (feeling obliged to answer X)
relationship issues: sexuality
kinsey’s groundbreaking research during 1940s
Problems with studying sexual activities => limitations of self-reports => what does it mean to "have sex" => leading questions (feeling obliged to answer X) => venues (labs, bars,) => young, white, middle class
17,000 interviews, + observations
Men view the world in more “sexualised” terms
e.g eye contact, touching
Gender differences in self-report surveys about sexual attitudes and behaviours
Problems with studying sexual activities=
5
=> limitations of self-reports => what does it mean to "have sex" => leading questions (feeling obliged to answer X) => venues (labs, bars,) => young, white, middle class
LGBTQ+
large scale surveys suggest that ___ exclusively heterosexual
__ men => exclusively gay
__female => exclusively lesbian
92%
3-4 gay
1-2 lesbian
incidence of homosexual behaviour varies with
generations and among cultures
same sex and diff sec relationships =
overall similar except
2
1= gay people more likely to stay friends with ex
2= share housework more evenly
