Lec 1 done

Question 1

define social psychology

Answer 1

studies the influence of social processes of how people think, feel and behave.

Question 2

__ aspects of social psychology

Answer 2

3

think/ thoughts (cognition)
feel/emotions (Affect)
behave/actions (Behavior)

Question 3

__ other closely related fields to social psychology

Answer 3

4

1 sociology
2 clinical psychology
3 personality psychology
4 cognitive psychology

Question 4

social psych vs sociology =

Answer 4

social P.
focus = individual level

sociology
focus = group level

Question 5

Founder of S.P=

Answer 5

Charcot + Binet + Henri = published the results of experiments on suggestibility

Ringlemann = conducted experiments on what is called ‘ social loafing’

Question 6

____ conducted experiment on what is called ‘social loafing’

Answer 6

Ringlemann = said to be ‘the’ founder of S.P

Question 7

1st University in NZ with mental science incorporated into psychology

Answer 7

Otago

Question 8

Triplett =

Answer 8

studies of social facilitation in sports

Question 9

____ began to establish social and cross-cultural psych

Answer 9

Sir Thomas Hunter (VUW)

Question 10

1st chair of waikato =

Answer 10

James Ritchie

Question 11

Most well-known early social psychologist =

Answer 11

Prof. Ernest Beaglehole

Question 12

Who had the most dramatic impact on social psych=

Answer 12

Adolf Hitler

Question 13

Society for the psychological study of social issues formed in =

Answer 13

1938 G Allport

Question 14

____ groundbreaking experiment research on social influence =

Answer 14

Sherif’s

Question 15

____ famous obedience experiments =

Answer 15

Milgram’s

period of expansion and enthusiasm
19602-19702

Question 16

In NZ, beginnings of research into Maori psych were through ___ viewpoints

Answer 16

western

Question 17

confidence and crisis period = and why

Answer 17

mid 1960s-1970s

= because there were strong reactions against the use of lab experiments as the main research method

Question 18

____ basic principles of S.P + detail

Answer 18

Kurt Lewin’s

What we do depends, to a larger extent, on how we perceive and interpret the world around us => our actions depend on our surroundings

Question 19

define

behaviour =

Answer 19

function of interaction between person and environment

Question 20

Most of psych focuses on =___ whereas S.P focuses on ___

Answer 20

individual

attention to the environment => interactionist approach

Question 21

S.P has a ____ approach compared to most of psych

Answer 21

interactionist

Question 22

when should S.P theories be applied=

Answer 22

to important and practical issues

Question 23

adoption of pluralism =

Answer 23

many methods of investigation were accepted alongside the lab experiements

Both ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ perspectives were integrated in the study of the determinants of our thoughts and actions

Question 24

Modern-day psychology focuses on =

Answer 24

4

1= integration of emotion, motivation and cognition

2=biological and evolutionary perspectives
3= cultural perspectives
4= new technologies

Question 25

define identity=

Answer 25

perceptions of self that are largely influenced by social cognitions that vary according to the context

Question 26

identity consists of __ things=

Answer 26

3

1= social and cultural identity
2= personal experiences within social and cultural environments
3= roles held in everyday life

Question 27

define self =

Answer 27

the person

1=mental processes
2=body
3=personality characteristics

Question 28

define

self-concept=

Answer 28

schema that guides thinking and memory relevant to the self (cognitive component)

sum of all beliefes that people have about themselves = made of self-schemas

also influenced by cultural factors

Question 29

define

self-esteem =

Answer 29

individual’s evaulation of the self and how much he/she likes and respects the self (affective component)

affective component of self, consisting of a person’s positive and negative self-evaluations

Question 30

self-esteem appears to be influenced by=

Answer 30

4

1= culture
2=gender
3=age
4=perception of our social relationships

Question 31

__ motives that guide perception of self

Answer 31

3

1= self-esteem 
2= self-consistency
3= self-presentation

Question 32

define

self-consistency

Answer 32

the motive to interpret information to fit the way one already sees oneself

Question 33

define

self-presentation

Answer 33

the process by which people try to control the impressions that others form of them

Question 34

__ roles of self

Answer 34

2

1= capacity for self-reflection is necessary for self-understanding (private, “inner” self)

2= self is heavily influenced by social factors ( Public “outer” self, Bronfenbrenner, Lewin; Interaction, Lewin)

Question 35

self is an important object of our ___

Answer 35

attention (cocktail party effect)

Question 36

define

self-schema =

Answer 36

beliefs about oneself that guide processing of self-relevant information => A coherent cognitive structure for organising one’s understanding of particular situations that guide one’s interpretation of similar situations

Question 37

past socilisation research has focused on =

whereas as modern research focuses on = + e.g

Answer 37

= parents => friends=> teachers=> media

= how children can influence the re-socialisation of parents and grand-parents

e.g migrat families= cildren learn customs of new country

Question 38

define

socialisation =

Answer 38

3

1= we are defined by what we do and who we are with

2= we talk on other’s collective understanding of appropriate ways of thinking and behaving ( these understanding are influence by history, culture, location)

3= we can also reject notions of ‘how things are done’

Question 39

contrasting cultural orientations =

Answer 39

2 = views of self

1= independent
2= dependent

Question 40

How to people describe themselves =

Answer 40

in a way that distinguishes them from others.

the self is ‘relative’ = we use others as a benchmark

Question 41

social comparison theory =

Answer 41

Festinger, 1954

when uncertain about out abilities/options we evaluate self through comparisons with others who we see as similar to ourselves

Question 42

the self can be viewed in =

Answer 42

collectivist and individualist cultures

collectivist =
self => interdependent

define self in terms of social relationships (mother, employee)

e.g asian cultures

individualistic=
self = independent

define self in terms of personal attributes (e.g intelligent, friendly)

e.g NZ, Aus

Question 43

Leary and Baumeister =

Answer 43

2000
people are inherently social animals

= need for self-esteem is driven by primitive need to connect with others and gain their approval

Question 44

self-discrepancy theory=

Answer 44

self-esteem is defined as a mismatch between A= how we see ourselves and
B= how we want to see ourselves

Question 45

self-esteem depends on __ factors

Answer 45

3

1= amount of variation between actual self and self-guide

2= importance of the variation to the self

3= extent to which one focuses on one’s self varience

Question 46

satisfying the need for self-esteem is critical to =

Answer 46

our entire outlook on life

Question 47

those with postive self image tend to be =

Answer 47

happy, productive, successful

Question 48

those with negative self image tend to be =

Answer 48

unhappy, lazy etc