Lec 27 - avian influenza case study Flashcards
what does the H and N in the flu virus mean
H = hemagglutinin
N = neuraminidase
what are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
two proteins on the surface of the virus that allow it to enter and exit host cells
what is AI
A type A RNA virus in the family Orthomyxoviridae
what species can influenza A viruses infect
ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, dogs and seals
certain types of influenza A virus are specific to a certain species except for —–
Birds - which are hosts to all known subtypes of influenza A viruses
the spread of avian influenza from one ill person to another has been reported ______
very rarely, and have been limited, inefficient and not sustained
t/f because of the possibility that avian influenza A viruses could change and gain the ability to spread easily between people, monitoring for human infection and person to person transmission is extremely important for public health
true
what species can be infected with avian influenza A virus in their intestines and resp track but usually do not get sick
wild aquatic birds
what are the 2 main ways avian influenza A virus may be transmitted from animals to humans
- directly from birds or from avian influenza A virus- contaminated environments to people
- through an intermediate host, such as a pig
T/F human infections with avian influenza viruses are rare
true
when do most human cases of avian influenza occur
after people are in contact with an infected bird
where was the most notable non-sustained person to person spread of avian influenza
with asian avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses reported primarily by 15 countries in asia, africa, the pacific, europe and the near east
what is amplification
is when infectious agents multiply rapidly to high levels
H5N1 outbreaks and bird flyways
?
Avian influenza A virus are very/not very contagious among birds
very contagious - and come of these viruses can sicken and even kill certain domesticated bird species including chickens, ducks and turkeys.
what is the plan for the future regarding preventing and responding to future HPAI cases, in collaboration with industry and state partners
- promoting improved on-farm biosecurity practices - in order to prevent future HPAI cases to the greatest extent possible
- improving HPAI surveillance - in wild birds as a means to provide “early warning” risk information to states and industry
- expanding federal, state and industry response capabilities - including availability of personnel, equipment, and depopulation, disposal and recovery options
- improving our capabilities to rapidly detect HPAI in domestic poultry - and to depopulate affected flocks within 24 hours to reduce the environmental load of HPAI viruses and their subsequent spread
- streamlining the processes for payment of indemnity - and the cost of elimination of viruses of that produces receive a fair amount quickly, to assist them in returning to production
- enhancing our ability to communicate - in a timely and effective way with producers, consumers, legislators, media, and others regarding outbreaks and other information
- making preparations to identify and deploy effective AI vaccines should be a cost beneficial addition to the eradication efforts in a future HPAI outbreak
more than 47 billion birds have died due to infections and culling because of avian influenza which has caused
export bans, lowered egg and turkey production, and contributed to record prices of the staples ahead of the US holiday season. The outbreak exacerbates economic pain for consumers grappling with soaring inflation
