Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

One Health 3 > Lec 22 - Zoonotic TB, pasteurellosis, coccidioidomycosis > Flashcards

Lec 22 - Zoonotic TB, pasteurellosis, coccidioidomycosis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scientific name for zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB)

A

mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the species involved with zTB

A

bovines, caprines, ovines, porcines (domestic and wild), camelids, mustelids (wild), and cervids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the geographic location of zTB

A

in order from most to least burdened continents/areas: africa, southeast asia, western pacific, eastern Mediterranean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the clinical signs of zTB in animals

A

loss of body condition, intermittent pyrexia, enlarged superficial lymphnodes, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea and constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the clinical signs of zTB in humans for the respiratory form

A

bloody sputum, pleuritic chest pain, and asthenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the clinical signs of zTB in people with the extrapulmonary form

A

ocular disorders, infertility and abortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the antemortem lesions in zTB

A

nodular skin lesions called tuberculous chancres, described as “firm red papules that become painless shallow ulcers on the skin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the morbidity/mortality of zTB

A

morbidity is 147,000 cases per year

mortality is 12,500 deaths per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the animal to animal transmission of zTB

A

animal to animal transmission occurs through inhalation of droplets produced by infected animals in close quarters, ingestion of bacteria through milk, or ingestion of bacteria through feed/water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the animal - human transmission of zTB

A

transmission occurs though inhalation of droplets produced by infected animals, direct contact with cutaneous penetration and ingestion of bacteria through unpasteurized milk products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the treatment for humans with zTB

A

humans get a round of antibiotics for 6-12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how are animals with TB treated

A

culling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a concern of countries trying to get rid of zTB

A

antimicrobial resistance to treatment is a concern. mycobacterium bovis is naturally resistant to the main antibiotic pyrazinamide used the treat TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the common and scientific name for pasteurellosis in cattle

A

shipping fever

mannheimia haemolyticia and P.multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the common name for pasteurellosis in birds

A

Fowl cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the common name for pasteurellosis in rabbits

A

snuffles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the common name for pasteurellosis in swine

A

atrophic rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the most clinically relevant spp of pasteurella in domestic and wild animals

A

pasteurella multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the species involved with pasteurellosis

A

a wide range - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, cats, rabbits, chicken and humans (zoonotic)

20
Q

who do pasteurellosis infections primarily affect

A

young, immunocompromised, stressed or elderly animals

21
Q

what is the geographic location of pasteurella

A

worldwide

22
Q

what are the common clinical signs for pasteurella

A

primarily seen throughout the resp system. fever, hypersalivation, abnormal lung sounds, nasal discharge, bronchopneumonia, septicemia, and sudden death

23
Q

what are some common postmortem lesions with pasteurella

A

involve the resp tract and structures around the head. bronchopneumonia, enlarged or necrotic liver and spleen, pneumonia, and inflammation of upper resp tract

24
Q

what are the specific clinical signs of pasteurella in cattle

A

rapid or labored breathing, droopy ears, coughing diarrhea, wheezing or crackling noises in lungs

25
Q

what are the specific clinical signs of pasteurellosis in pigs

A

coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge

26
Q

what are the specific clinical signs in birds

A

depression, conjunctivitis, mucoid oral discharge, dyspnea, tachypnea, and torticollis “twisted neck”

27
Q

what are the specific clinical signs of pasteurellosis in rabbits

A

nasal discharge with sneezing and nasal stridor, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and occasionally otitis

28
Q

what are the specific clinical signs of humans with pasteurealla

A

most common is a local wound infection following an animal bite or scratch, complications may include abscesses, cellulitis, and joint injections

29
Q

what is the morbidity/ mortality with Pasteurella

A

varies heavily depending on species - mortality can occur 8-24 hours after clinical signs develop in most. generally can progress into fatal bacterial pneumonia or hemorrhagic septicemia (primarily ruminants). very high mortality rate among livestock and birds, relatively uncommon in humans

30
Q

what are the common modes of transmission of pasteurella

A
  • inhalation of infected particles and aerosols
  • ingestion of contaminated feed or water
  • direct contact with an infected animal or mechanical vector
    common mode to humans: by scratches or bites from an infected animals
31
Q

what are the treatment/control methods for pasteurellosis

A

controlled through good biosecurity, vaccination and antimicrobials

identify chronic carriers, separate domestic animals from wild; depopulation in some cases of fowl cholera

32
Q

why does shipping fever (pasteurellosis) often occur with other viruses due to transportation

A

the stress weakens the immune system

33
Q

T/F the most common and costly disease in the north American beef cattle industry industry is pasturella

A

true

34
Q

is pasteurella zoonotic

A

yes

35
Q

what is the common name for coccidiomycosis

A

valley fever

36
Q

what are the scientific names for coccidioidomycosis

A

coccidioides immitis or coccidioides posadasii

37
Q

what are the species involved with coccidioidomycosis

A

humans, cattle and livestock, dogs and cats, horses, camelids, primates, marsupials, tigers, bears, badgers, and otters, fish and marine mammals

38
Q

what are the geographic locations of coccidioidomycosis

A

arid locations in the southwestern US, parts of mexico and central south America. the fungus was also recently found in south-central washington

39
Q

what are some antemortem lesions and clinical signs of coccidioidomycosis

A
  • most are asymptomatic
  • nonspecific resp signs (bronchitis, pneumonia, pleural effusion)
  • fever, cough, chest pain, chills, sputum production, sore throat, and hemoptysis
  • scattered rash
  • primary pulmonary lesions sometimes leave nodular coin lesions that must be distinguished from tumors, TB and other granulomatous infections
  • in cats: non-healing skin lesions are the most common symptoms of valley fever in cats, rather than coughing as in dogs
  • in dogs: like in humans valley fever mostly affects the lungs
40
Q

what do post mortem lesions look like in coccidioidomycosis

A
  • lesions may be limited to the lungs, mediastinum, and thoracic lymph does
  • pyogranulomatous nodules in tissues of a firm consistency with white-gray coloration
  • nodules may contain purulent exudate and/or mineralized foci
41
Q

what is the morbidity/mortality for coccidioidomycosis

A
  • morbidity: 30-50% of people in endemic areas have tested positive for infection via coccidioidin skin test
  • mortality: death is rare approx. 200 associated deaths are reported each year
42
Q

how is coccidioidomycosis transmitted

A

acquired via inhalation of airborne spores of the fungus coccidioides immitis or posadasii from the soil.

  • non resp spread via solid organ transplant or percutaneous transfer or infected fomites (rare)
43
Q

what treatment/control for coccidioidomycosis

A

antifungals (fluconazole and itraconazole) are most recommended, except during pregnancy. Amphotericin B is indicated in patients that do no improve with the aforementioned therapies, at the risk therapies, at the risk of nephrotoxicity. surgical excision of granulomas

44
Q

is Coccidioidomycosis considered a reportable disease

A

yes - in states such as California and Arizona

45
Q

is coccidioidomycosis zoonotic

A

yes

One Health 3 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions