Lec 23 - Bones and Joints of the Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the ankle and foot?

A

7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
total: 26

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2
Q

Tarsals are ___ bones

A

short

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3
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A
talus
calcaneus
navicular
cuboid
medial/1st cuneiform
intermediate/2nd cuneiform
lateral/3rd cuneiform
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4
Q

Cuboid is ____ to calcaneus

A

anterior

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5
Q

With what does the trochlea of the talus articulate?

Name the joint that it forms

A

with the tibia and fibula to form the talocrural joint

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6
Q

What is the function of the body of the talus?

A

transfer weight from the tibia to the calcaneus

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7
Q

Where does the head of the talus articulate?

A

posterior aspect of the navicular

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8
Q

Which is the largest and strongest bone in the foot?

A

calcaneus

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9
Q

What is the function of the calcaneus?

A

transmit body weight from talus to the ground

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10
Q

what is the calcaneal tuberosity?

A

posterior projection of the calcaneus

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11
Q

Name the tubercles on the inferior surface of the calcaneal tuberosity

A

anterior tubercle, medial tubercle, lateral tubercle

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12
Q

The sustenaculum tali protudes from the ____ aspect of the calcaneus

A

medial

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13
Q

What is the function of the sustenaculum tali?

A

supports part of the talus

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Metatarsal bones are short bones

A

FALSE

Long bones

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15
Q

What are the components of the metatarsal bones?

A

base, shaft, head

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16
Q

What is the tibiofibular syndesmosis?

A

distal fibula articulates with fibular notch of the distal tibia

17
Q

List the intrinsic ligaments that support the tibiofibular syndesmosis

A
  • anterior tibiofibular ligament
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligament
  • posterior tibiofibular ligament
18
Q

When does the tibiofibular syndesmosis experience movement?

A

when the foot is dorsiflexed, talus gets wedged into malleolar mortise

19
Q

The ankle joint is also known as _____

A

talocrural joint

20
Q

What makes up the talocrural joint?

A

the trochlea of the talus articulates with the malleolar mortise (lateral and medial malleoli and distal tibia)

21
Q

The talocrural joint is classified as a ____ joint

A

hinge, synovial joint

22
Q

The talocrural joint allows what movements?

A

dorsiflexion

plantarflexion

23
Q

Why is the ankle more stable in dorsiflexion?

A

the trochlea is wider anteriorly

24
Q

The medial collateral ligament of the talocrural joint is made up of what parts?

A
  • anterior tibiotalar
  • tibionavicular
  • tibiocalcaneal
  • posterior tibiotalar
25
Q

The lateral collateral ligament of the talocrural joint is made up of what parts?

A
  • anterior talofibular
  • calcaneofibular
  • posterior talofibular
26
Q

What is the subtalar joint?

A

body of the talus articulates with the calcaneus

27
Q

What type of joint and what actions does the subtalar joint allow?

A

plane, synovial joint

allows inversion and eversion of the foot

28
Q

List the major ligaments of the foot and where they span from and to:

A
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
- from sustenaculum tali of calcaneus to navicular

short plantar ligament (plantar calcaneocuboid)
- from calcaneus to cuboid

long plantar ligament
- from calcaneus to bases of metatarsals