Lec 22 - Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What distinguishes the knee joint from all other joints in the body?

A

largest and most superficial joint in the body

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2
Q

What are the 3 articulations of the knee joint?

A
  • lateral femorotibial
  • medial femorotibial
  • patellofemoral
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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Both the tibia and fibula are involved in the knee joint

A

FALSE:

The fibula is not involved in the knee joint

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4
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint? What does it allow?

A

modified hinge, synovial joint

  • allows some rotation in addition to flexion and extension
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5
Q

The knee joint is also sometimes referred to as ______

A

bicondylar joint

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6
Q

What are menisci? What do they do?

A

fibrocartilaginous plates that rest on the tibial plateau, helps to deepen the articular surface

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7
Q

List the intrinsic ligaments of the knee joint

A
  • patellar ligament/tendon
  • medial/tibial collateral ligament
  • oblique popliteal ligament
  • arcuate popliteal ligament
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8
Q

What is the meaning of arcuate?

A

arching

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Hinge joints have collateral ligaments

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What replaces the fibrous joint capsule anteriorly?

A

patellar ligament + patella + quadriceps tendon

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11
Q

This ligament is an extension of the tendon of semimembranosus

A

oblique popliteal ligament

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12
Q

What does the arcuate popliteal ligament arch over?

A

the tendon of popliteus muscle

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13
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the knee joint?

A
  • lateral/fibular collateral ligament
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
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14
Q

Cruciate ligaments are often reffered to as ____

A

internal ligaments

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Cruciate ligaments are located within the fibrous joint capsule and are included in the synovial capsule

A

FALSE:

  • located within fibrous joint capsule BUT excluded from synovial capsule
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16
Q

Where does the ACL originate and insert?

A

originate: anterior aspect of intercondylar eminence
insert: lateral femoral condyle

17
Q

Where does the PCL originate and insert?

A

originate: posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence
insert: medial femoral condyle

18
Q

What does the ACL prevent?

A

prevents tibia from moving anteriorly under the femur

19
Q

When does the ACL tighten?

A

during knee extension

20
Q

What test assesses the stability of the ACL and PCL post knee injury?

A

anterior/posterior drawer tests

21
Q

What does PCL prevent?

A

prevents the tibia from moving posteriorly under the femur

22
Q

When does the PCL tighten?

A

knee flexion

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the external and internal margins of the menisci?

A

external: thick and anchored to tibia by coronary ligaments
internal: thin and unattached to the bone

24
Q

What is the shape of the medial meniscus and where does it connect?

A

C shaped

connects directly to the medial/tibial collateral ligament

25
Q

What is the shape of the lateral meniscus and where does it connect?

A

Oval shaped

unattached to fibular collateral ligament

26
Q

The head of the fibula articulates with ______

A

lateral tibial condyle

27
Q

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

plane, synovial joint

28
Q

What ligaments strengthen the joint capsule anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

anterior ligament of fibular head

posterior ligament of fibular head