Lec 2 - Skeletal System and Muscular System Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system?
axial and appendicular components
What is the axial skeleton made up of?
- skull
- rib cage
- vertebral column
What is the appendicular skeleton made up of?
- pectoral girdle
- upper limb bones
- pelvic girdle
- lower limb bones
Name the bones of the hand
- carpals (wrist) = 8 small bones
- metacarpals = 5 small bones
- phalanges = 14 small bones
What is the difference between the number of bones in the hands and the feet?
foot has 7 tarsals at the ankle while the hand has 8 carpals in the wrist
Name the bones according to their shapes:
- long bones: tubular
- short bones: cube-shaped
- flat bones: protect underlying organs
- irregular bones: unique shapes (e.g. vertebrae)
- sesamoid bones: shaped like seeds
Give examples of a flat bone
- pelvis
- skull
- ribs
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
patella in the knee cap
Where do bone markings appear?
wherever tendons, ligaments, or connective tissue attach
TRUE OR FALSE:
Arteries lying adjacent to bones leave grooves in the bones
TRUE
Joints are also known as _____
articulations
Where do joints occur?
wherever 2 or more bones are united
Name the 3 types of joints
- fibrous joints
- cartilaginous joints
- synovial joints
Define fibrous joints and give some examples:
- fibrous joints: when articulating bones are united by tough, fibrous tissue
- allow little to no movement
e. g. - skull sutures (fused)
- syndesmosis between radius and ulna (interosseous membrane)
- gomphosis between tooth and socket
Define cartilaginous joints and give some examples:
- primary cartilaginous joints: synchondroses
- bones united by hyaline cartilage
- allows slight bending during early life
- usually temporary to allow for bone growth at epiphyseal plates (growth plates) - secondary cartilaginous joints: symphyses
- bones united by fibrocartilage
- strong and slightly moveable
e. g. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
