LEC - 2 - Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

ADME

Answer 2

Absoprtion, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Question 3

The study of how drugs affect the body, focusing on the interactions between the chemical components of living systems and foreign chemicals, including drugs.

Answer 3

Pharmacodynamics

Question 4

Factors Influencing the Efficacy of a Drug

Answer 4

route of administration
rate of absorption
distribution of the drug
rate of metabolism
presence of active metabolites
rate of excretion.

Question 5

The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream, except for topical and intravenous drugs. It involves crossing cell membranes, which is influenced by solubility, size, and shape.

Answer 5

Absorption

Question 6

Different oral preparations have varying absorption rates, from fastest to slowest: Liquids (elixirs, syrups), Suspensions, Powders, Capsules, Tablets, Coated Tablets, Enteric-coated Tablets.

Answer 6

Drug Absorption

Question 7

Fastest absorption rate

Answer 7

Liquids (elixirs, syrups)

Question 8

Slowest absorption rate

Answer 8

Enteric-coated Tablets

Question 9

Once in the bloodstream, the drug is distributed to the body, including the central compartment (major organs and blood vessels) and the peripheral compartment (skin and fat stores).

Answer 9

Drug Distribution

Question 10

major organs and blood vessels

Answer 10

central compartment

Question 11

skin and fat stores

Answer 11

peripheral compartment

Question 12

The metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation, significant for drugs administered orally.

Answer 12

First Pass Effect

Question 13

Routes that bypass the liver include:

Answer 13

sublingual
Buccal
Rectal
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Intranasal
Inhalation
Transdermal
Vaginal routes.

Question 14

The process by which drugs are removed from the body, primarily through the kidneys (urine), gut (feces), skin (sweat), lungs (breath), and saliva.

Answer 14

Drug Excretion

Question 15

Processes in Pharmacokinetics

Answer 15

ADME

Question 16

: Occurs in the mucosa of the stomach, mouth, small intestine, or rectum, and blood vessels in muscles or subcutaneous tissues. Incorrect administration can destroy the drug before it reaches the bloodstream.

Answer 16

Absorption

Question 17

: Occurs through the circulatory system via capillaries and cell membranes. Poor circulation may prevent the drug from reaching tissues.

Answer 17

Distribution

Question 18

: Primarily in the liver. Conditions like hepatitis or cirrhosis may prevent adequate drug breakdown, leading to accumulation.

Answer 18

Metabolism

Question 19

: Occurs via kidneys, sweat glands, lungs, or intestines. Renal damage or failure can prevent drug waste excretion, causing drug accumulation.

Answer 19

Excretion