Lec 2 Flashcards
Introduction to safety management systems (SMS) Part-2
What is annex 19?
safety management
What is annex 19 safety management meant to re-enforce.
the role played by the state in managing safety at the state level, stressing the concept of overall safety performance in all domains, in coordination with service providers.
What does SMM stand for?
Safety Management Manual
What does SSP stand for?
State Safety Program (SSP)
What is the SMM?
It is a manual that provides states, product and service providers with:
-a overview of safety management fundamentals,
- a summary of ICAO safety management SARPS (containing
annexes 1, 6, 8, 11, 13 & 14)
-Guidance on how to develop and implement an SSP in compliance with relevant ICAO SARPs.
and Guidance on SMS development, implantation and maintenance.
What is annex 1?
Personnel Licensing
What is annex 6?
Operation of Aircraft
What is annex 8?
Airworthiness of Aircraft
What is annex 11?
Air Traffic Services
What is annex 13?
Aircraft Accident and incident Investigation?
What is Annex 14?
Aerodromes
What does SARPs stand for?
Standards and Recommended Practices
What is the purpose of the ICAO safety Management SARPs?
To provide the high-level requirements that the States and services providers must implement to fulfil their safety management responsibilities related to, or in direct support of, the safety operation of aircraft.
Which two audience groups are the ICAO safety Management SARPs targeted at?
States and services providers.
What are some examples of service providers? (Check answer with RAM)
- Approved training organisations that are exposed to safety risks during the provision of their services
- Aircraft and helicopter operators authorised to conduct international commercial air transport
- Approved maintenance organisations providing services to operators of aeroplanes or helicopters engaged in international commercial air transport
- Organisations responsible for type design and/or manufacture of aircraft;
- Air traffic service providers; and,
- Operators of certified aerodromes
ICAO safety management SARPs require an acceptable level of safety to be established by States how is this defined in each State?
By their safety performance targets and safety performance indicators
What should be taken into consideration when implementing performance targets and safety performance indicators?
- level of risk that applies
- Cost/benefits of improvements to the system
- Public expectations
How are Safety performance targets determined?
By considering what safety performance levels are desirable and realistic for individual operators/service providers. They should be measurable, acceptable to stakeholders and consistent with the member State’s safety program. )
What are examples of Safety performance targets?
- Reduction in fatal airline accidents
- Reduction in serious incidents,
- reduction in runway incursion/excursion events,
- reduction in ground-collision events,
- number of inspections completed quarterly
What are safety performance indicators?
a measure of the safety performance of of an aviation organisation, components of a Member State safety program, or an operator/service provider’s SMS. Safety indicators therefore will differ between different segments of the aviation industry, such as aircraft operators, aerodrome operators and air traffic service providers.
What are examples of safety performance indicators?
- Fatal accidents
- Serious incidents,
- Runway excursion
- ground collision events
- development/absence of primary aviation legislation
- operating regulations
With an SMS who is it important to involve?
all internal and external aviation system stakeholders who have a potential impact on the organisation’s safety performance.
What are some examples of stakeholders?
Aviation professionals •
- Aviation regulatory and administrative authorities
- Industry trade associations
- Professional associations and federations
- International aviation organisations
- Subcontractors or principals of a service provider
- The flying public
What are the four components of an SMS?
1) Safety policy and objectives
2) Safety risk management
3) Safety assurance
4) Safety promotion
What are Safety policy and objectives 5 elements?
1) Management commitment and responsibility
2) Safety accountabilities
3) Appointment of key safety personnel
4) Coordination of emergency response planning
5) SMS documentation
What is the first element of Safety policy and objectives?
Management commitment and responsibility
What is the 2nd element of the safety policy and objectives components?
Safety accountabilities
What is the 3rd element of the safety policy and objectives components?
appointment of key safety personnel
What is the 4th element of the safety policy and objectives components?
Coordination of Emergency Response Planning (ERP)
What is the 5th element of the safety policy and objectives components?
SMS documentation
What needs to be considered when producing SMS documentation?
The accuracy, feel forward/ communicate widely, consistency, convention, template, validation and verification.
What are the two fundamentals of safety risk management?
- identifying hazards
2 Assessing risk and mitigating their potential to cause harm.
What is hazard identification?
identification: Systematic identification of hazards that exist within the context of the delivery of products and services
What is a hazard?
It’s defined as “a present condition, event, object or circumstances that could lead to or contribute to an unplanned or undesired event
such as an accident
What is the definition of a risk?
defined as “the future impact of a hazard that is not controlled or eliminated. It can be viewed as future uncertainty created by the hazard.
What are the stages of the swiss cheese model?
Organization ( Management decision and organizational processes), Workplace ( Working condition) People (errors and violations), and defences ( technology, training and regulations)
What are the three methods of Safety risk management?
Reactive, Proactive and Predictive
What is a reactive method of safety risk management?
The analysis of past outcomes or events. Then Hazard identification through investigation of safety occurrences.
Incidents and accidents are clear indications of system deficiencies and therefore can be used to determine the hazards that either contributed to the event or are latent
What is proactive method?
The analysis of existing or real-time situations, which is the primary job of the safety assurance function with
its audits, evaluations, employee reporting and associated analysis and assessment processes. This involves actively seeking hazards in the existing processes
What is the predictive method of safety risk management?
Data gathering in order to identify possible negative future outcomes or events, analysing system
processes and the environment to identify potential future hazards and initiating mitigating actions
What is the Hazard documentation and follow up for the risk management process?
Collect, assess, mitigate and disseminate.
What is the meaning when a risk consequence is Catastrophic?
There is a large amount of equipment destroyed and multiple deaths.
What is the meaning when a risk consequence is Hazardous?
There will be a large reduction in safety margins, Physical distress or workload. With high possibility of serious injury or major equipment damage.
What is the meaning when a risk consequence is Major?
There will be a significate reduction in safety margins, Physical distress or workload. With a serious incidents and injury to people.
What is the meaning when a risk consequence is Minor?
The consequence will be nuisance, operating limitations, use of emergency procedures and minor incidents.
What is the meaning when a risk consequence is Negligible?
There will be few consequences.
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