Lec 2

Question 1

Define a tissue

Answer 1

A group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common/related function.

Question 2

Summarize the role of each tissue in one word.

Answer 2

Muscular: moves, Connective: supports, Epithelial: Covers, Nervous Tissue: Controls

Question 3

Name some examples of epithelial tissue and describe some common functions

Answer 3

Skin, Glands, lining of GI tract. Epithelial tissue secretes, absorbs, protects, and filters

Question 4

Name some examples of connective tissue

Answer 4

bones, tendons, fat

Question 5

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

Covering and Lining Epithelium, glandular epithelium

Question 6

What are the five distinguishing features of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

Polarity, Specialized Contacts, Supported by connective tissue, Avascular but innervated, and regenerative

Question 7

Which side of skin is apical, and which side is basal?

Answer 7

The epidermal layers are apical, and the dermal layers are more basal.

Question 8

What is the basal lamina largely comprised of? What is its function?

Answer 8

Glycoproteins and collagen fibers. It acts as a filter for the epithelium, and a scaffolding for the repair of epithelial tissue.

Question 9

What are the two things that hold epithelial cells close together?

Answer 9

Desmosomes and tight junctions

Question 10

What are the two parts of the basement membrane? Which layer is deeper?

Answer 10

The basal lamina and the reticular lamina. The reticular lamina is deep to the basal lamina.

Question 11

What consists the reticular lamina?

Answer 11

The reticular lamina consists of a layer of extracellular material and a fine network of collagen fibers.

Question 12

Describe the vascularity and innervation of epithelial tissue.

Answer 12

Epithelial tissue is avascular but innervated.

Question 13

What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

Answer 13

Simple epithelia consists of one layer of cells, and stratified epithelia consists of multiple layers.

Question 14

What are the three shapes of epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Question 15

Where can we find simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 15

The kidney capillaries, air sacs in the lungs, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.

Question 16

Where can we find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Answer 16

Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands.

Question 17

Where an we find simple columnar epithelial tissue?

Answer 17

The digestive tract and gallbladder

Question 18

What are the functions of the different types of simple epithelial tissues?

Answer 18

Squamous: filtration and diffusioncuboidal: Secretion and absorptioncolumnar: Secretions of enzymes and absorption (ciliated areas line the small bronchi and participate in mucus propulsion)

Question 19

What is pseudostratified columnar tissue and where is it located? What is its function?

Answer 19

It is tissue that contains cells at different heights. It can be found in the trachea and secretes and propels mucus.

Question 20

What type of epithelial tissue is skin?

Answer 20

Stratified Squamous

Question 21

Describe the shape, function, and location of transitional epithelial tissue.

Answer 21

It consists of stratified squamous and cuboidal tissue, it depends on the organ stretch. It is found in the bladder, parts of the urethra, and uterus. It is shaped like this in order to stretch to accommodate the function of the organ.

Question 22

What are the two types of simple squamous epithelial tissue in the body? Where are they found?

Answer 22

Endothelium is found inside of lymph vessels and hollow organs of the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and heart). Mesothelium is found in the lining of the ventral cavity and covering its organs.

Question 23

Define a gland

Answer 23

One or more cells that make a secretion

Question 24

What is the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

Answer 24

Endocrine glands internally secrete, exocrine glands externally secrete. Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Question 25

Where can we find unicellular glands?

Answer 25

Scattered in epithelial sheets

Question 26

How are multicellular epithelial glands created?

Answer 26

They are invaginated into epithelial tissue

Question 27

Give two examples of unicellular glands

Answer 27

Mucus cells and goblet cells

Question 28

What do merocrine glands do? How?

Answer 28

They secrete their products by exocytosis (they just ooze it).

Question 29

What happens to holocrine cells in secretion? What is an example of them?

Answer 29

They rupture. Sebaceous glands are the only example of this.