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PHYSIO II Exam #1 - Lo > Lec 01A- CNS Development and Brain Divisions > Flashcards

Lec 01A- CNS Development and Brain Divisions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 stages of neural tube development?

A
  • neural plate
  • neural folds
  • neural tube
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2
Q

Where is the neural groove located?

A

between the neural folds

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3
Q

When does the nervous system form?

A

End of 2nd week - End of 8th week

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4
Q

What does the trophoblast form?

A

placenta

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5
Q

What is the part of the trophoblast that remains cellular?

A

cytotrophoblast

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6
Q

What causes the trophoblast for form lacunae?

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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7
Q

What does the embryonic disc form?

A

notochord

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8
Q

What does the notochord form?

A

neural plate (thickened embryonic ectoderm)

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9
Q

After how many days does the neural plate, primitive node, and primitive streak form?

A

19 days

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10
Q

After how many days do the neural fold, neural groove, and somites form?

A

20 days

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11
Q

After how many days do the Anterior and Posterior neuropore form?

A

23 days

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12
Q

Superior/Anterior/Cranial neuropore closes by day _______

A

27

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13
Q

Inferior/Posterior/Caudal neuropore closes by day ________

A

30

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14
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the neural tube?

A
  • Tripartite brain

- Pentapartite brain

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15
Q

What does the cranial end of the neural tube form?

A

brain

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16
Q

What does the caudal end of the neural tube form?

A

spinal cord

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17
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the Tripartite brain?

A
  • Prosencephalon (forebrain)
  • Mesencephalon (midbrain)
  • Rhombencephalon
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18
Q

What are the 5 divisions of the Pentapartite brain?

A
  • Telencephalon (prosencephalon)
  • Diencephalon (prosencephalon)
  • Mesencephalon
  • Metencephalon (rhombencephalon)
  • Myelencephalon (rhombencephalon)
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19
Q

Pentapartite brain telencephalon lumina

A

lateral ventricles I and II

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20
Q

Pentapartite brain telencephalon floor

A
  • basal ganglia

- olfactory lobes and nerves

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21
Q

Pntapartite brain telencephalon roof

A

cerebral hemispheres

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22
Q

Pentapartite brain diencephalon lumen

A

3rd ventricle

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23
Q

Pentapartite brain diencephalon roof

A

epithalamus

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24
Q

Pentapartite brain diencephalon walls

A

thalamus

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25
Q

Pentapartite brain diencephalon floor

A
  • hypothalamus

- infundibulum

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26
Q

Pentapartite brain mesencephalon lumen

A

cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius

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27
Q

Pentapartite brain mesencephalon roof (Tectum)

A
  • Superior colliculi

- Inferior colliculi

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28
Q

Pentapartite brain mesencephalon floor

A

Tegmentum

29
Q

Pentapartite brain metencephalon lumen

A

part of 4th ventricle

30
Q

Pentapartite brain metencephalon roof

A

cerebellum

31
Q

Pentapartite brain metencephalon floor

A

pons

32
Q

Pentapartite brain myelencephalon lumen

A

rest of 4th ventricle

33
Q

Pentapartite brain myelencephalon main part

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

Pentapartite brain myelencephalon roof

A

posterior choroid plexus

35
Q

What does the posterior choroid plexus produce?

A

CSF

36
Q

3 Pentapartite brain myelencephalon medulla nuclei

A
  • vestibular nuclear complex
  • sensory nuclei
  • portions of reticular formation
37
Q

Pentapartite brain myelencephalon medulla pyramids

A

lateral corticospinal tracts

38
Q

Pentapartite brain myelencephalon medulla olives

A

site of nuclei related to cerebellum

39
Q

3 Pentapartite brain myelencephalon medulla vital reflex centers

A
  • cardiac center
  • vasomotor center
  • centers related to respiration
40
Q

2 Pentapartite brain Metencephalon pons nuclei

A
  • cranial nerve nuclei (V-VII)

- pontine nuclei

41
Q

What is the pontine nuclei?

A

relay between cerebrum and cerebellum

42
Q

2 Pentapartite brain Metencephalon pons centers

A
  • sleep center

- respiratory centers

43
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Pentapartite brain Metencephalon?

A
  • pons

- cerebellum

44
Q

Pentapartite brain Mesencephalon nuclei

A

cranial nerve nuclei (III-IV)

45
Q

Pentapartite brain Mesencephalon roof (Tectum)

A
  • Superior colliculi = visual

- Inferior colliculi = auditory/olfactory

46
Q

3 Pentapartite brain Mesencephalon Tegmentum

A
  • red nucleus
  • substantia nigra
  • various tracts
47
Q

What are peduncles?

A

large pairs of fiber tracts

48
Q

Inferior peduncles of cerebellum

A

connects medulla&raquo_space; spinal cord

49
Q

Middle peduncles of cerebellum

A

connects to pons

50
Q

Superior peduncles of cerebellum

A

connects to midbrain

51
Q

3 functions of cerebellum

A
  • coordinate skeletal muscle movements
  • maintain equilibrium and posture
  • synergic control of muscle activity
52
Q

Thalamus

A

major relay center for afferent/efferent information to and from cerebrum and other brain areas

53
Q

Epithalamus

A
  • habenular nuclei
  • emotional and visceral responses to odors
  • has pineal body
54
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • mamillary bodies

- olfactory reflexes and emotional responses to odors

55
Q

What are the 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus?

A
  • supraoptic nuclei

- paraventricular nuclei

56
Q

6 functions of hypothalamus

A 
1- Controls/integrates ANS
2- Visceral activity
3- Intermediary between nervous and endocrine systems
4- Controls normal body temperature
5- Maintains extracellular fluid volume
6- Biorhythm oscillator
57
Q

3 parts of telencephalon

A
  • olfactory bulbs
  • basal nuclei (ganglia)
  • cerebral cortex
58
Q

Function of basal ganglia of telencephalon

A

subconscious motor control and muscle tone

59
Q

Cerebral cortex of telencephalon characteristics

A
  • divided into paired lobes

- surface with gyri and sulci

60
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

failure of cranial end of neural tube to close

61
Q

What is Arnold-Chiari deformity?

A
  • inferior cerebellum and medulla are elongated
  • protrude into vertebral canal
  • medulla and pons = small and deformed
62
Q

How does Arnold-Chiari deformity manifest?

A
  • hydrocephalus

- malformation of lower cranial nerves (deafness & tongue, facial muscle, lateral eye movement weakness)

63
Q

What is spina bifida occulta?

A
  • failure of inferior neuropore to close
  • vertebral arches fail to develop in caudal area
  • normal spinal cord function
64
Q

What is spina bifida cystica?

A
  • sac-like cyst at caudal end of spine
  • spinal cord and/or meninges in cyst
  • impaired spinal cord function
  • LE dysfunction
  • impaired bladder and bowel function
65
Q

What is a meningocele?

A
  • form of spina bifida cystica
  • meninges in sac (only)
  • impaired spinal cord function
66
Q

What is a meningomyelocele?

A
  • form of spina bifida cystica
  • meninges & spinal cord in sac
  • abnormal growth of spinal cord
  • LE paralysis
  • bowel and bladder dysfunction
  • loss of lower limb sensation
67
Q

What is meloschisis?

A
  • failure of caudal neural folds to close

- most severe defects

68
Q

What is holoprosencephaly?

A
  • failure of prosencephalon to divide into 2 cerebral hemispheres
  • facial defomities
69
Q

What are the 3 facial deformities of Holoprosencephaly?

A
  • single orbit with 2 eyes, 1 eye, or no eye
  • Proboscis-type nose located above the eye
  • cleft lip and palate

PHYSIO II Exam #1 - Lo (8 decks)

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