leaves Flashcards
any usually flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant
leaves
function of leaves
to produce food for the plant by photosynthesis
kinds of leaves
monocot and dicot
are elongated, slender with parallel veins
monocot
possess “branching veins”
dicot leaves
netted venation
dicot leaves
parallel venation
monocot leaves
veins run parallel to each other or run parallel to the midrib
parallel venation
is singular and never divided into smaller leaflet units. it is always attached to a twig by its stem or the petiole
simple leaf
has leaflets, which are attached to the middle vein and have their own stalks
compound leaf
a bunch of single leaves, all attached to the main stem called a rochis, which in turn is attached to a twig
compound leaf
types of compound leaves
- pinnately compound leaves
- bi-pinnately compound leaves
- tripinnately compound leaves
-palmately compound leaves
the term “pinnation” refers to the process in which multi-divided leaflets arise from both sides of the rachis
pinnately compound leaves
rachis divisions on pinnately compound leaves in which leaflets sprout in pairs along the rachis without a single terminal leaflet
even-pinnately compound leaves
there is a single terminal leaflet at the top of the structure rather than a terminal pair of leaflets
known as imparipinnate
odd-pinnately compound leaves
(double compound) leaves are twice divided; the leaflets are arranged along a secondary vein, which is one of the several veins branching off the middle vein
bipinnately compound leaves
leaves are thrice divided, the leaflets themselves are bipinnate in the arrangement
tripinnately compound leaves
has its leaflets radiating outwards from the end of the petiole, like fingers of the palm of a hand
palmately compound leaves
use to describe the arrangement of leaves arounf the stem
phyllotaxy
types of phyllotaxy
- alternate phyllotaxy leaves
- opposite phyllotaxy leaves
- whorled phyllotaxy leaves
is the most common type of leaf arrangement. the leaves are arranged in an alternate fashion. this means that each leaf will arise from a different node from the side
alternate phyllotaxy leaves
a type of leaf arrangement in which a pair of leaves arise at each node opposite to each other
opposite phyllotaxy leaves
is when two or more leaves develop at each node.
- each node has 3 or more leaves arising from them
whorled phyllotaxy leaves
importance of phyllotaxy
it is important for efficient light capture, reduced shading, and optimal spacing between leaves. This arrangement maximizes a plant’s ability to photosynthesize, contributing to its overall growth and productivity.
distinguish between a leafy branch and a compound leaf other than the presence of axillary bud
A leafy branch typically refers to a branch that bears individual, simple leaves along its length. Each leaf in a leafy branch is attached separately to the stem or twig. In contrast, a compound leaf consists of multiple leaflets attached to a common leaf stalk or rachis.
types of modified leaves
- storage
- support
- protection
- reproduction
- attraction
- additional photosynthesis
- absorption
are modifed to store water and nutrients for the plant
storage
types of storage
- fleshy and thickened leaves
- bulbs
often reffered to as succulents. these plants are adopted to store water in their leaves and stems, allowing them to thrive in arid environments
fleshy and thickened leaves
are extended leaf bases in some species, function as food storage that enable a plant to lie inactive when water is scarce
bulb
are modified for climbing and support
support
types of support
- tendrils
- hooks
- floaters
- supporting leaf bases
to protect plants from herbivores
protection
types of protection
- motile leaves
- leaves reduced to spine
- spiny leaves
allows plants to reproduce asexually
reproduction
buds or plantlets grow at leaf margins, bases and apices
vegetative propagation
attract pollinators
attraction
types of attraction
colored bracts
types of additional photosynthesis
- expanded leaflike petiole
- expanded leaflike stipules
absorbs nutrients from others aside photosynthesis
absorption
types of absorption
- insect-trapping leaves
- thin uncutinized epidermis
uptake nutrients from captured prey
insect-trapping leaves
importance of plant modification
Plant modification is crucial for the survival and success of plants in diverse environments. It includes adaptations in structures, reproductive strategies, and defense mechanisms, allowing plants to optimize resource use, enhance reproductive success, and thrive in challenging conditions.
