Cell Division Flashcards
2 sets of chromosomes
diploid (2n)
1 set of chromosomes
haploid (1n or n)
the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells
cytokinesis
nuclear division
karyokinesis
an indentation that appears in a cell’s surface when
the cell is preparing to divide
cleavage furrow
is a structure that forms in the cells of land plants while they are undergoing cell division
cell plate
a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and centromere location
homologous chromosomes (tetrads)
a disorder characterized by a morphological or numerical alteration in single or multiple chromosomes, affecting autosomes, sex chromosomes
or both.
Chromosomal Abnormality/ Chromosomal Aberration
the process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing two identical nuclei in preparation for cell division
mitosis
cell growths and accumulates essential protein as DNA building blocks
G1 (1st gap)
cell growth
(6-12 h)
cytoplasm divide to form two new cell
cytokinesis
mitosis
(1h)
final preparation for mitosis phase. cell provide energy (ATP) and synthesize essential protein
G2 (2nd gap)
cell growth
(3-4 h)
cell start replicates chromosomal dna. result in pairs of chromatid at centrometric region
S (Synthesis of DNA)
Dna replication
(6-8 h)
when cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other
independent assortment
chromosomes cross over and exchange genetic material resulting in a new combination of alleles
recombinant chromosomes
