fruits Flashcards
develops from a ripe ovary or any floral parts
fruit
a sweet, juicy or pulpy, coloured aromatic structure that encloses seed
fruit
an organ that contains seed, protecting these as they develop and often aiding in their dispersal
fruits
fruit =
ovaries
derived from an ovary
true fruit
derived from floral parts other than the ovary
false fruit
develops from a dingle carpel or fused carpels of a single ovary
simple fruits
often edible, pericarp fleshy at maturity
simple fleshy fruits
types of simple fleshy fruits
- berry
- drupe
- pome
types of berry
- pepo
- hesperidium
consisting of one or more carpels with one or more seeds, the ovary wall fleshy
berry
(an accessory fruit) a berry with a hard rind, the receptacle partially or completely enclosing the ovary
pepo
a specialized berry with a leathery rind
hesperidium
a stone fruit, derived from a single carpel and containing (usually) one seed. exocarp a thin skin
drupe
(an accessory fruit) derived from several carpels, receptacle and outer portion of pericarp, fleshy; inner portion of pericarp, papery or cartilaginous, forming a core
pome
pericarp dry at maturity and are classified as either dihiscent or indehiscent
simple dry fruits
those which are dehisce or split open when fully mature
dehiscent
types of dehiscent
- follicle
- legume
- capsule
- sillique
composed of one carpel and splitting along a single suture
follicle
composed of a single carpel and splitting along two sutures
legume
composed of several carpels and opening at maturity in one of the four ways:m
capsule
4 ways in capsule
- along the line of carpel union (septicidal dehiscence)
- along the middle of each carpel (loculicidal dehiscence)
- by pores at the top of each carpel (poricidal dehiscence)
- along a circular, horizontal line (circumscissile dehiscence)
composed of 2 carpels which separate at maturity, leaving a persistent partition between them
sillique
those which do not split open at maturity
indehiscent fruits
types of indehiscent
- achene or akene
- caryopsis or grain
- samara
- schizocarp
- loment
- nut
a one-seeded fruit with the seed attached to the fruit at one point only
achene or akene
a one seeded fruit in which the seed is firmly attached to the fruit at all possible points
caryopsis or grain
a one or teo seeded fruit with the pericarp bearing a wing like outgrowth. a modified achene
samara
consisting of two carpels which at maturity separate along the midline into two one seeded halves, each of which is indehiscent
schizocarp
having several seeds, breaking into one seeded segments at maturity
loment
a hard, one-seeded fruit, generally formed from a compound ovary, with the pericarp hard throughout
nut
results from the joining together of several ovaries of the same flower
aggregate fruits
develops from numerous carpels that are in the same flower
aggregate fruits
individual ovaries are called fruitlets
aggregate fruits
develop from a duster of flowers, consist of matured ovaries of several to many flowers more or less united into a mass
multiple fruits
are almost invariable accessory fruits
multiple fruits
not derived from the ovary
accessory fruit
have some other part united with the ovary. it is a fruit not derived from the ovary but from another part of the flower
accessory fruit
difference of fruits and vegetables
Fruits are mature ovaries containing seeds, often formed from the fertilized ovule, while vegetables are edible plant parts such as roots, leaves, or stems.
importance of fruits in plant reproduction
Fruits are crucial in plant reproduction as they protect and disperse seeds. They develop from mature ovaries, containing seeds formed after fertilization. Animals are attracted to the fruit, eat it, and disperse the seeds, promoting the plant’s distribution and ensuring genetic diversity.
